三亚居民区绿地乔木群落物种的多样性研究

Study on species diversity of plants in Sanya's residential green areas

通过样方调查法,对三亚市6个居民区绿地乔木群落乡土树种和外来树种的物种多样性特征进行了比较研究.结果表明:研究区域中共有乔木树种48种,隶属于22科、40属;其中乡土树种17种,隶属于11科、16属;外来树种31种,隶属于16科、28属.乡土树种以椰子(Cocos nucifera)、垂叶榕(Ficus benjamina)、假苹婆(Sterculia lanceolata)、盆架树(Winchia calophylla)和鱼尾葵(Caryota ochlandra)为优势种,外来树种以火焰木(Spathodea campanulata)、印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus)、菩提树(Ficus religiosa)、小叶榄仁(Terminalia mantaly)、凤凰木(Delonix regia)、黄槐决明(Senna surattensis)和鸡蛋花(Plumeria rubra)为优势种.就丰富度指数而言,乡土树种为1.2~1.6,外来树种为1.7~3.8.乡土树种和外来树种的多样性D指数分别介于0.552 6~0.791 3和0.722 1~0.918 4之间;乡土树种和外来树种的多样性H'指数分别介于1.256 6~1.748 6和1.629 0~2.735 3之间.Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和丰富度指数变化趋势由大到小的顺序均为:总体树种>外来树种>乡土树种.外来树种的重要值和生物多样性指数明显高于乡土树种,说明外来树种被大量引入,乡土树种所占比例较少,应在以后的绿化中增加乡土树种的比例.

Using the quadrat method, the species diversity characteristic was comparatively studied between native species and exotic species in the 6 residential green areas in Sanya city. The results showed that there were 48 plant species belonging to 22 families and 40 genus in investigated areas, including 17 native species which were belonged to 11 families and 16 genus and 31 exotic trees species which were belonged to 16 families and 28 genus. The dominant species of native species were Cocos nucifera, Ficus benjamina, Sterculia lanceolata, Winchia calophylla and Caryota ochlandra, and dominant exotic species were Spathodea campanulata, Pterocarpus indicus, Ficus religiosa, Terminalia mantaly, Delonix regia, Senna surattensis and Plumeria rubra. Richness indexs of native species were 1.2 - 1.6 and those of ex- otic species were 1.7 -5.8, Simpson indexs （D） of native species were 0. 552 6 -0. 791 5 and those of exotic species were 0. 722 1 -0. 918 4; and Shannon-Wiener indexs （H＇） of native species were 1. 256 6 - 1. 748 6 and those of exotic species were 1. 629 0 - 2. 735 3. The change trend of Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, richness index from large to small order was ： all of species 〉 exotic species 〉 native species. It showed that exotic species were introduced sufficiently, and the proportion of native species was less, which should be increased in the future.