稳定与非稳定条件下不同负重对人体肌群表面肌电RMS的影响——基于对保加利亚深蹲3种负荷的设计

Effect of Different Loads under Stable and Unstable Conditions on RMS of Human Body Muscles——Based on Design of Three Kinds of Load in Bulgaria Squat

目的:为了探讨稳定与非稳定条件下不同负重对人体肌群RMS的影响。方法:运用实验法、测试法及肌电分析等方法,对12名田径运动员在稳定与非稳定条件下不同负重(0%RM、30%RM及60%RM)的保加利亚深蹲有关肌群(11块)进行了肌电测试与分析。结果:1)通过方差分析发现,负重因素影响肌肉的数量最多(P<0.05,P<0.001),且贡献值也均大于其他因素;2)不考虑负重因素时,稳定与非稳定条件下产生的总体效果相差不大,但是,肌群的用力模式组合存在差异,非稳定条件突出了后部肌群(竖脊肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌),而稳定条件突出了腿前部的股四头肌(股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌),在考虑负重因素时,仅在0%RM时,非稳定较稳定刺激了更多的肌肉;3)随着负重的提升,稳定与非稳定条件下的大部分肌肉活性均显著性提高;4)0%RM时,非稳定条件产生的效果优于稳定条件(P<0.05),而当负重达到30%RM时,则表现为稳定条件更优(P<0.05),当负重提高到60%RM时,两者没有太大差异(P>0.05)。结论:1)不同条件的自由负重练习不仅要关注参与肌肉活性的改变,也应考虑用力模式的不同;2)随着负荷的增加,负重成为影响人体肌肉训练效果的主要因素;3)稳定-非稳定条件、负重与人体肌肉RMS存在一种交叉曲线关系,但它们并非对立,预示着非稳定练习应是一种有效辅助手段。

Objective：In order to investigate the effects of different loads under stable and unstable conditions on RMS of the human body muscles.Method ：The study tested and analyzed the related muscles of Bulgaria Squat of different loads under the stable and unstable conditions to 12 athletes by using experiment,test method and EMG analysis method.Results ：1）Load factors influence the largest muscle numbers（P〈0.05,P〈0.001）,and the contribution values were greater than other factors by variance analysis.2）When the load factor is not considered,the overall effect of stable and unstable conditions is similar,but there is a difference between force mode combinations of the muscle groups.Unstable conditions highlighted the back muscle group（Erector Spinae,Biceps Femoris,Gastrocnemius）,and stable condition highlights the quadriceps（Rectus Femoris,Vastus Muscle,Vestus Lateralis）.When taking into account the load factor,unstable condition stimulate more muscle than stable condition only occurs on the 0% RM.3）with the increase of load,most of muscle activity was significantly increased under stable and unstable condition.4）When the load in0% RM,effects of unstable condition are better than stable condition（P〈0.05）;When the load is increased to 30% RM,the stable condition is better（P〈0.05）;When the load is increased to 60%RM,both not too big difference（P〉0.05）.Conclusion：1）We should not only pay attention to the changes of muscle activity,but also the changes of force mode in free weight exercise with different conditions.2）With the increase of load,the load becomes the main factor that influencing the human body muscle training effect.3）There is a intersecting curve relationship among stable-unstable condition,load and RMS,but they are not opposite,which indicates that the unstable exercise should be an effective assistant method.