中国土地隐形市场及其显形化路径

China's Invisible Land Market and Its Visualization Path

通过系统梳理中国土地隐形市场的生发途径并从制度视角探寻其形成机理,分析认为土地隐形市场根源于土地征购市场和一级市场的政府双层垄断性、国家最终所有的模糊性产权结构以及城乡建设用地制度二元分异下的政府管制失灵。研究发现,存有三条有效率的土地隐形市场显形化路径,即土地资源市场化配置效率追求中的三阶优化路径、土地隐形市场双重效应下的疏堵结合路径、土地行政分层分类实施下的刚柔相济路径。积极推进中国土地隐形市场显形化,应注重顶层设计与基层创新相结合,加快征地制度改革,推进土地产权制度和土地行政管理体制的改革与创新,步入土地资源配置效率最大化的优化路径;注重土地隐形市场的双重效应,通过诱致性的制度改进和强制性的制度规制及其动态转换协同,步入正负向激励组合效用最大化的制度诱导路径;注重情理与法理的路径依赖,通过柔性执法和刚性执法的细分,步入土地行政刚柔相济的分层分类实施路径。

By systematically combing the germinal pathway of China＇ s invisible land market, and exploring the mechanism of its formation from the institutional perspective, we find that China＇ s invisible land market is attributed to government＇ s double monopoly of the land purchase market and the primary market, national ultimate ownership in fuzziness structure of property rights, and failure of government regulation under dual differentiation system of urban and rural construction land. Through this paper＇ s research, we find that there are three efficiency paths to its visualization, which are the third-order optimal path under seeking land resources marketization allocation efficiently, the combination of guidance with confinement path under double effect of invisible land market, and the hardness and softness path under implementation of land administration hierarchical classification. In order to promote the visualization of China＇ s invisible land market, we should first pay attention to the combination of top-level design and grassroots innovation, accelerate the reform of land expropriation system, advance the reform and innovation of land property right system and land administration system, then enter the optimized path with most efficient allocation of land resources. At the second, we should pay attention to the dual effect of the invisible land market, through the dynamic transition coordination of improved inductive system and compulsory system and regulation, to enter the system-induced path that maximally combine the utility of positive and negative incentives. At last, we should pay attention to reasonable and legal path dependence, through subdividing the flexible and rigid law enforcement, to enter the hierarchical classification implementation path that makes land administration combine vigor and suppleness.