罗伊斯忠德观与中国传统忠德观之比较

A Comparative Study on Royce's Idea of Loyalty and Traditional Chinese Loyalty

美国哲学家罗伊斯的《忠之哲学》系统阐释了忠的概念、内涵、对象、主体、价值和地位。其与中国传统的忠德观念之间存在着一些相通之处,如二者都源于君主制社会,其践行主体都是泛主体的,都强调自愿的尽忠和献身。同时,由于产生的民族文化背景的差异,二者也存在着很多迥然不同的地方,如中国传统忠德产生于血缘宗法社会,而西方的忠德则产生于封建城邦制;中国传统忠德凸显的是忠君的政治伦理价值,而罗伊斯的西方忠德观则凸显的是宗教性的一面;当忠德面临两难选择时,中国传统忠德观强调的是公而忘私、舍家纾难,而罗伊斯则主张在"忠于忠"的大原则下由当事人自由选择。

The Philosophy of Loyalty by Royce explains the concept, connotation, object, subject, value and status of loyalty which show a lot of similarities with the traditional Chinese concept of Zhongde （忠德） , such as their origination in monarchical society, their subject of practice being the all people, and their emphasis on voluntary loyalty and devotion. At the same time, there also exist many difference between the two because of different national and cultural backgrounds. Traditional Chinese Zhongde was formed in consanguinity and patriarchal society, while Western loyalty generated in the feudal city-state system; Zhongde highlights political ethic value of loyalty to the reign, but Royce highlights the religious aspect of loyalty; in facing a dilemma of loyalty, Zhongde emphasizes selflessness, but Royce claims free choice under the principle of ＂ loyalty to loyalty＂.