基于生态系统服务价值重构的生态安全格局构建--以重庆两江新区为例

The establishment of ecological security patterns based on the redistribution of ecosystem service value: A case study in the Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing

生态系统服务是生态安全的前提和保障,各项服务价值变化率和集聚水平的差异,均会影响生态源地的识别结果。在对重庆两江新区生态系统服务静态价值估算的基础上,以生态系统服务价值重要度指数和空间丰富度指数,对2012年的生态系统服务静态价值进行重构,并依据重构结果建立三种安全水平上的生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)各项生态系统服务静态价值量逐年降低,其中以食物生产、土壤形成与保护和碳固定三项服务降速最快。(2)重构后生态系统服务价值范围在201~23634元/hm^2之间,且大部分区域以中低值为主。(3)低、中、高三种安全水平源地面积分别为174.73 km^2、208.69 km^2和222.20 km^2。基于生态系统服务价值的多水平生态安全格局,是城市开发和建设用地布局的重要依据。

At the current level of accelerating urbanization, regional ecological security is being seriously damaged. As the benefits people obtained from ecosystems, ecosystem service is the premise and guarantee of ecological security. To scientifically construct the ecological security pattern, it is firstly necessary to accurately identify the ecosystem service value （ESV）. Presently, most domestic studies have used the ecosystem service static value for the estimation of the average value per unit area. Few studies have considered the importance of every single ecosystem service; most have simply considered each ecosystem service of equal importance. However, since ecosystems are dynamic, this will lead to objective differences in the change rate among each kind of ecosystem service. Therefore, the fast decreasing service will not be effectively protected if we simply consider each service of equal importance. In addition, the spatial agglomeration of ecosystem service will also influence the recognition of ecological sources by affecting their functions. In our study, based on the Liangjiang New Area, we first calculated the ecological static service values from 2009 to 2012. We then established two indexes： the significance index based on the average change rate of each ecosystem service, and the spatial richness index based on the spatial agglomeration of each ecosystem service, to reconstruct the ecosystem service value in 2012, which was then applied to the reconstruction of low, medium, and high levels of ecological security patterns. Thus, the reconstructed ESV was qualified with the same currency unit and included abundant spatial information. The results showed that： （1） the total ecosystem service static values from 2009 to 2012 decreased annually, among which the food production, soil formation and protection, and carbon fixation had the fastest loss rates; （2） the reconstructed ecosystem service values in 2012 ranged from 201 to 23634 yuan/hm2, whereas most regions were dominated by low and middle values; （3） the areas of low, middle, and high levels of security sources were 174.73 km2, 208.69 km2 and 222.20 km2, respectively. The ecological security patterns of different levels satisfy the multiple construction needs and provide fundamental assurance for the normal function of the ecological service for the future construction of the Liangjiang New Area, which would benefit the sustainable development of the area in the long term.