PLC控制激光焊接2524铝合金接头的组织研究

Study on Microstructure of 2524 Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint by PLC Controlled Laser Welding

采用PLC控制激光焊接工艺参数对2524铝合金进行了焊接处理,研究了激光功率、焊接速度和送丝速度对2524铝合金焊接接头热裂纹倾向和显微组织的影响。结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,焊接接头的裂纹总数量呈现不断增加的趋势;焊缝中心为等轴树枝晶组织,而靠近熔合线附近为柱状晶组织,焊缝中心的平均晶粒尺寸和靠近熔合线附近的焊缝柱状晶间距均增大;随着焊接速度的增加,焊接接头的裂纹总数量不断增加,热裂纹倾向加大,且焊缝区域的熔宽和焊缝面积减小;随着送丝速度的增加,焊接接头的裂纹总数量降低。采用填充焊丝的焊接工艺后,焊缝的成形性相对自熔焊接更好,且焊缝面积明显增大。

The welding of 2524 aluminum alloy was carried out by using PLC to control the laser welding process parameters, and the effects of laser power, welding speed and wire feeding speed on the hot crack tendency and microstructure of welded joint were studied. The results show that with the increase of laser power, the total number of welding cracks increases. The weld center is equiaxed dendritic structure, and the weld near the fusion line is columnar crystal structure. The average grain size of weld center and columnar crystal spacing of the weld near the fusion line increase. With the increase of welding speed, the total number of cracks in welded joint and the hot crack tendency increase, and the weld width and weld area reduce. With the increase of wire feeding speed, the total number of cracks in welded joint decreases. After welding with filler wire, the formability of the weld is better than that of self welding, and the weld area increases obviously.