荷斯坦杂种牛泌乳性能遗传改良效果评估

Evaluation of Genetic Improvement of Milk Performance on Crossbreds of Holstein

【目的】评估荷斯坦验证种公牛对荷斯坦杂种牛泌乳性能的遗传改良效果,【方法】以荷黄低代杂种、荷黄高代杂种和纯种荷斯坦牛3种奶牛群体共计293头奶牛为研究材料,利用北美荷斯坦验证种公牛对不同奶牛群体进行杂交改良,根据系谱信息追踪各群体的后裔,参照DHI生产性能测定方法采集产奶量和乳成份数据,用最小二乘法分析群体、世代、投产年份、母本和母本年龄与泌乳性能的相关性。【结果】高代杂种与纯种间产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),高代杂种305d乳脂量,305d乳蛋白量和305d乳糖量显著高于纯种(P<0.05);1世代泌乳性能显著高于0世代(P<0.05);饲养管理水平和母本效应显著影响泌乳性能(P<0.05)。【结论】高代杂种在现有生产体系下实现最佳的遗传环境匹配,适宜在北方农区生产体系中推广养殖。

In order to evaluate the genetic improvement of proved Holstein bull on milk performance of crossbreds of Holstein, 3 groups in total 293 dairy cattle （low-hybrids cow, improved-hybrids cow and pure Holstein cattle） were used in this study. Using American proved Holstein bull to hybridize and iraprove the different dairy cattle group, according to pedigree to track each group＇s descendants, collecting milk yield and composition data basing DHI production performance measurements. Furthermore, use the least squares method to analyze the correlation between group, generation, production years, dam, age of dam and lactation performance. Results showed that there was no significant difference between improvedhybrids cow and pure Holstein（P〉0.05） ; 305d milk fat content, 305d milk protein content and 305d lactose content of improved-hybrids cow were significantly higher than those pure Holstein（P〈0.05） ; milk performance of 1 generation is significantly higher than 0 generation（P〈0.05） ; the level of feeding management and effect of dam has an effect on milk performance （P〈0.05）. Improved-hybrids cow, achieved the best matching genetic environment under the existing production system, is available for the promotion breeding in the northern agricultural production system.