守门人、决策者与科斯困境——兼论美国的外交决策支持体系

Gatekeeper,decision makers and Coase dilemma——Simultaneously on the American foreign policy decision supportive system

由于信息爆炸和专业分工,现代政府和中大型企业的决策者不得不使用各种类型的守门人,协助收集处理信息以及提供决策选项。本文通过对科斯困境的理论解析指出:如果决策者对守门人辅助决策的守门过程缺乏实质性控制,就会成为守门人的囚徒。为了说明守门人视角的应用价值,本文以美国外交决策支持体系为例,从守门人的角度分析了美国决策支持系统的结构、特点、优劣与风险。本文最后还就如何改善决策者的决策质量提供了一些建议。

Because of information explosion and specialization,modern government and large enterprise decision makers have to use various types of gatekeepers,assist in collecting information processing and decision-making options.Theoretical analysis of the plight of the Coase further pointed out;if the decision-maker is lack of substantive control over the gatekeeper assisting decision-making process,he will become a prisoner of its gatekeeper.In order to illustrate the application value of the gatekeeper perspective this article takes the American diplomatic decision supportive system as an example and analyzes from the gatekeeper perspectives the decision structure,characteristics,quality and risk support system.Finally,some suggestions are given for decision makers on how to improve the quality of decision making.