人之图像与法治模式

The Person's Image in Law and the Style of Rule of Law

对"人之为人"的理解和定位,会影响到一国法律制度的样式和风貌。东西方法律对人之图像的不同预设,造成了日后不同的法律发展方向。在个人主义法治模式中,对人的预设是原子式的、自由平等的,并且是理性自利的。社群主义法治模式所体现的是处于社群中的集体人之图像。德国式法治建立在康德"自由人"的哲学理念之上,对人的尊严予以了重点保护,既尊重了人的个性,也处理了人与国家和社会的关系。现代中国社会的人之图像,既承续了古代中国的人之图像,也整合了近现代追求自由和尊严的人之图像。以这样一幅人之图像为构成性因素的中国法治建设,需要借鉴古今中外的法治经验,以建构出一种立足中国实际又兼容并蓄的法治模式。

How to understand the person's image will influence the style and feature of a country's legal system. Since ancient times, the legal systems of the West and the East have been built on different understanding and presumptions of the person's image, which leads to the law developing in separate ways.In the style of individualism of the rule of law, the person's image is atomic, liberate, egalitarian and selfinterest. Communitarian style of the rule of law presents people in the community, indicating the image of'person in groups'. Based on the philosophy of 'free man' by Kant, the rule of law in Germany focuses on protecting human dignity. It means that everyone's personality is respected. Meanwhile, the relationships between a person and the country/community are considered. As to China's efforts in promoting the rule of law, it will be inspiring if we could get a glimpse of the person's image and the style of rule of law in different periods and different countries.