张岱对阳明后学的继承与反思

Zhang Dai's Thoughts about Inheriting and Reflecting on Yangming-School

张岱继承了阳明心学的基本观念,并通过对阳明后学的理解与阐发进一步建构了自己的理学体系。他既顺应了阳明后学所带来的思想解放风潮,又批判了情欲解放对道德观念的冲击。此外,他对阳明后学的反思还体现在其对工夫疏旷与讲学盛行的批评与对治之上。张岱对阳明后学的继承与反思,既有作为思想家于阳明后学理论内部自我修正的一面,又有作为史学家对阳明后学流布所造成的社会政治影响进行剖析的一面。张岱的思想理论,可以看作是阳明学传承至明末的学术面貌之一。

Zhang Dai inherited basic concepts of Yangming's theory of the Mind and he established academic system on the basis of comprehending and elucidating Yangming-school' thoughts. He swam with the tide of ideological emancipation leading by Yangming-school. At the same time, he criticized the trend that overemphasizes emotion and desire which likely affected ethical ideas. Furthermore, he proposed criticisms and remedies to Yangming-School's deficiencies that neglecting effort(gongfu) and addicting to lectures. Zhang Dai's thoughts about inheriting and reflecting on Yangming-schoolrepresenting the self-correcting of Yangming-school's theory when regards Zhang Dai as an ideologist. As a historian, Zhang Dai analyzed social and political influences of the diffusion of Yangming-school Learning. Zhang Dai's thought and theory could be considered one kind of academic features of Yangming-School Learning at the end of Ming Dynasty.