弥漫性轴突损伤治疗研究进展

Study on the treatment of Diffuse axonal injury

弥漫性轴突损伤(DAI)作为创伤性脑损伤的重要损伤类型,是当头部受到加速性的旋转暴力时,因剪刀动力造成的神经轴突损伤。由于现在的常规CT检查不完善,在临床上DAI常被忽视,造成预后不良。近几年研究发现,由于磁共振成像(MRI)弥散成像技术的开展,DAI的诊断率显著提高,这对DAI的早期诊断是有很大帮助的。但是,治疗DAI的效果却不好,因为DAI的损伤不仅包括剪切力导致轴突损伤,还包括多种继发机制引起的轴突断裂,也就是继发性轴突断裂或迟发性轴突断裂。随着医疗水平的发展,对于DAI损伤机制及临床治疗的研究已经有一定的进展,本文就有关DAI治疗的临床及实验研究进展进行综述。

Diffuse axonal injury（DAI）as an important damage type of traumatic brain injury,is neural axon damage caused by scissors dynamic when the head subjected to accelerated rotational violence. Due to the incomplete conventional CT examination,DAI often underestimated with poor prognosis in clinic. In recent years,the study found that the diagnosis of DAI is significantly improving with the development of MRI imaging technology,which is great helpful for the early diagnosis of DAI. However,the effect of the treatment of DAI is bad,because the DAI injury not only includes the axon damage caused by the shear stress,also includes a variety of axons fracture caused by secondary mechanism,namely secondary axon fracture or late-onset axon fracture. With the development of medical level,there are certain progresses for the DAI injury mechanism and clinical research. In this paper,the clinical and experimental research progress about DAI treatment were reviewed.