试析“S+VT+的”式“的”字短语的英译现象

A Brief Analysis to the English Translation of “S+VT+DE” Phrase

在汉英翻译中,"s+vt+的"式"的"字短语常被译为"what+s+vt"式从句。对于这一现象的认知,存在两个问题:(1)"s+vt+的"中的"的"是否等同于"what+s+vt"中的"what";(2)"的"字短语为何可以由what从句得以英译。通过对二者的分别阐述及生成语法学中的短语结构理论对上述问题做出解答:(1)"s+vt+的"中的"的"并不等同于"what+s+vt"中的"what",二者在词性和充当的成分方面均不相同;(2)"s+vt+的"之所以能由"what+s+vt"得以英译,是因为"的"与"what"在各自的语法体系中都具有名词性范畴特征,都具有将主谓结构定语化,使其成为修饰语的作用。

In Chinese-English translation, ＂s＋vt＋de＂ phrase is generally translated as ＂what＋s＋vt＂ what-clause. There are two issues about the awareness of the phenomenon： （1） Whether the ＂de＂ of ＂s＋vt＋de＂ is equivalent to the ＂what ＂ of ＂what＋s＋vt＂; （2） Why ＂de＂ phrase can be translated into what-clause. This paper ,through expounding the two respectively and the theory of phrase structures in the Generative Grammar, gives answers to the above questions： （1） The ＂de＂ of ＂s＋vt＋de＂ is not equivalent to the ＂what＂ of ＂what＋s＋vt＂, for their parts of speech and the roles they played are totally different; （2） The reason why ＂de＂ phrase can be translated into what-clause is that both ＂de＂ and ＂what ＂ have nominal characteristics in their respective grammatical system and the function of converting predicate structure into attributive, which acts as a modifier.