试论“文心”作为中国传统叙事思想的重要概念

“Wenxin” as a Primary Notion in Traditional Chinese Narrative Thought

中国传统叙事思想根植于古代中国独特的哲学与文学传统,形成了与西方叙事学具有很大异质性的理论体系。西方叙事学的大行其道使得中国传统叙事思想中一些颇具涵义和特色的概念遭到了一定程度的无视或简单式解读。中国文论中的"文心"概念便是其中突出的一例。从弘扬民族文学理论的立场出发,有必要梳理"文心"的思想理论渊源,并对于其在传统叙事文学批评中的运用加以归纳。另一方面,在比较文学理论的视野中,有必要厘清其与西方叙事学中的艺术四要素、隐含作者、因果关系等的关系,从而既明晰双方的一些重要理论事实,又彰显"文心"独特的文学理论价值。上述两方面结合起来将有力论证"文心"是中国传统叙事思想中具有多维结构意义的重要概念。

Traditional Chinese narrative thought was rooted in the unique philosophical and literary traditions of ancient China. In this sense, it is greatly heterogeneous with the Western system of narrative theories. Amidst the dominant trend of Western narratology, many meaningful concepts in traditional Chinese narrative thought have been either ignored or misinterpreted. This article focuses on the important concept ＂wenxin＂, or ＂literary mind＂, in Chinese literary theory and narrative thought. Through tracing its intellectual foundation, summarizing its application in the criticism of classical Chinese fiction, and comparing and contrasting it with the ＂four coordinates of art criticism＂, ＂implied author＂, ＂causality＂, etc. in Western narratology, this article aims to posit ＂wenxin＂ as a primary notion in traditional Chinese narrative thought with multi-dimensional structural significance.