非营利组织社会企业化的困境与出路

Difficulties and Outlets of NPO's Transformation into Social Enterprise

近年来,政府职能的转变为非营利组织的发展提供了契机,然而许多困难也随之而来,社会企业便成为非营利组织克服困难继续发展的一条出路。政府失灵理论、市场失灵理论、契约失灵理论、公民社会理论、善治理论等诸多理论都为非营利组织社会企业化提供了理论支撑。但由于社会企业的管理体制尚未完善、相关法律法规不健全、社会企业文化缺失以及人才缺乏等原因,使得非营利组织社会企业化面临资金短缺、社会企业合法性不足、市场竞争力不强的现实困境。因此,必须创新运营模式,优化政策环境、健全内部制度体系和法律体系、培育社会企业文化、拓宽资金渠道,吸纳管理人才,以此推动非营利组织向社会企业的转型,发挥更大的作用。

In recent years, the transformation of government functions has provided many opportunities for the development of non-profit organizations （hereafter referred to as NPOs）. But many difficulties also came along. To transform themselves into social enterprises is one of the outlets, which is supported by such theories as government failure theory, market failure theory, contract failure theory, civil society theory and good governance theory. However, because of incomplete management system, unsound laws and regulations, corporate culture default and talent shortage, NPOs are confronted with poor market competitiveness and shortages both in capital and legitimacy. Therefore, to push forward NPOs＇ transformation, it is a must to innovate the operation mode, optimize the policy environment, improve the internal system and the legal system, foster social enterprise culture, widen the capital channel and take in management personnel.