不同灌溉模式对水稻抽穗后叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Modes on Yield and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics after Heading Stage of Rice

以"南粳44"为试验品种,设置浅水勤灌(FSI)、湿润灌溉(WI)、控制灌溉(CI)和蓄水-控灌(RC-CI)4种灌溉模式,通过小区试验,研究不同灌溉模式下水稻抽穗后叶绿素荧光特征的差异及其与产量之间的相关关系。结果表明,抽穗开花期不同灌溉模式下水稻叶片叶绿素量(SPAD值)及荧光参数(最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm、实际量子产量ΦPSⅡ、光化学淬变qP和非光化学淬变qN)无明显差异。随着生育期推进,SPAD值、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和q P不断下降,不同灌溉模式降幅表现为FSI处理>WI处理>CI处理>RC-CI处理,同时qN不断上升,不同灌溉模式增幅表现为RC-CI处理>CI处理>WI处理>FSI处理;与FSI处理相比,WI、CI和RC-CI处理水稻结实率分别增加4.45%、5.95%和6.77%,千粒质量分别增加1.86%、3.49%和6.08%,每穴产量分别增加8.81%、13.78%和16.44%。相关分析表明,乳熟期和黄熟期叶片SPAD值、荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Φ_(PSⅡ)、qP和qN)与结实率、千粒质量、每穴产量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系。合理水分调控能延缓水稻生育后期叶绿素分解,提高叶片PSⅡ反应中心的光能转换效率、开放比例、潜在活性和稳定性,有利于提高结实率和千粒质量,可使水稻增产。

In order to study the influence of yield and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics after heading stage under different irrigation modes of rice, took Hybrid rice cultivar ＂Nan-jing 44＂ as material, four irrigation mode were set as FSI （frequent and shallow irrigation）, WI （wet irrigation）, CI （controlled irrigation）, RC-CI （raincatching and controlled irrigation）, and relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaf and yield characters were also analyzed. The results showed that chlorophyll content （SPAD value） and fluorescence characteristics （the maximum photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）, the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （ФpsⅡ,）, the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient （qN）） had no significant difference under different irrigation modes at heading to flowering stage. Where, SPAD value, Fv/Fm, ФpsⅡ, qP could be decreased and qN could be increased with the process of the application time, the decreasing and increasing range presented FSI〉WI〉CI〉RC-CI and RC-CI〉CI〉WI〉FSI, respectively. Compared with FSI, the setting percentage increased by 4.45%, 5.59% and 6.77% under WI, CI and RC-CI treatment, the thousand seed weight increased by 1.86%,3.49% and 6.08% under WI, CI and RC-CI treatment, the grain yield per hole was increased by 8.81%, 13.78 and 16.44% under WI, CI and RC-CI treatment, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SPAD value, fluorescence characteristics （Fv/Fm, ФpsⅡ, qP,, qN） of leaf were significant （P〈 0.05） or highly significant （P〈0.01） positively correlated with setting percentage, thousand seed weight, grain yield per hole at mike ripening stage and yellow ripening stage of rice. The results indicated that appropriate water management could improve the light energy conversion efficiency, potential activity, open proportion and stability of PS Ⅱ reaction center in later growth stage of rice, which improves the setting percentage and thousand seed weight, which would ultimately result in the increase of yield.