辽宁棕壤土区不同滴灌施氮模式对玉米光合特性、产量及品质的影响

Impact of Different Nitrogen Modes on Maize Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality under Drip Fertilization in Liaoning Brown Soil Regions

为了深入了解滴灌施肥技术在粮食生产中的作用,进一步探寻合理的施氮模式,采用小区试验,以玉米为研究对象,研究了滴灌施肥条件下辽宁棕壤土区不同施氮量和施氮次数对玉米光合特性、产量和品质的影响。试验设置3个施氮量水平(不含底肥):125 kg/hm^2(N125)、175 kg/hm^2(N175)和225 kg/hm^2(N225),施氮次数设置1次(T1)、2次(T2)和3次(T3)3个水平,另设不施氮处理为对照(CK),总共10个处理。结果表明,在灌水次数相同的条件下,玉米光合能力、产量及品质随施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,施氮量为175和225 kg/hm^2时,三者均达到较高水平;当N施量相同时,分期多次施氮较1次施氮能有效地延缓光合作用在玉米生育后期的下降,增加玉米叶片高光合持续期,延缓叶片衰老,提高光能利用率,增产效果显著,有效改善玉米品质。综合分析表明,3次施氮,施氮量175~225 kg/hm^2的处理玉米光合作用强,优质高产,是有利于辽宁棕壤土区滴灌条件下大田玉米生产中适宜的施氮模式。

In order to understand the role of drip irrigation fertilization technology in food production and further explore the reasonable nitrogen system, plot experiments were conducted on a brown soil in Liaoning with maize as the research object to investigate the influence of different nitrogen rates and splits on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of drip-irrigated maize. Ten treatments were designed including three levels of Nitrogen （excluding basal）： 125 kg/hm2 （N125）, 175 kg/hm2 （N175） and 225 kg/hm2 （N225）, 3 levels of Nitrogen application times： 1 （T1）, 2 （T2） and 3 times （T3） and no nitrogen process （CK） as the comparison. The results showed that when nitrogen splits were the same, maize photosynthetic capacity, yield and quality showed an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and they were reaching a higher level when nitrogen application rates were 175 and 225 kg/hm2; When nitrogen rates were the same, installment repeatedly nitrogen application effectively delayed photosynthesis decline in corn late childbearing, increased high maize leaf photosynthesis duration, delayed leaf senescence, improved energy efficiency, increased yield significantly and effectively improved the quality of maize. The treatment of 3 nitrogen splits and nitrogen 175-225 kg/hm2 was with high photosynthesis capability in leaves and good quality as well as high yield in fruits. So, the treatment was recommended as the best nitrogen application mode for the production of maize under drip irrigation in the brown soil area of Liaoning.