基于沟式栽培的全封闭温室降温方法及蕹菜生长研究

Effects of Ditch Planting on Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk) in Closed Greenhouse

利用地温相对恒定、受外界环境影响较小的特点,在全封闭温室内采用沟式栽培法,营造适宜作物生长的条件,研究了沟式栽培条件下温室内环境因子的差异以及其对蕹菜生长、产量和水分生产率的影响。结果表明,随着沟深的增加,植株生长点的温度和光照度降低。沟壁贴反光膜处理也表现相同的规律,但同深度沟内的温度和光照度明显升高。各处理的空气相对湿度保持在25%~60%之间,适宜作物生长。无反光膜处理植株长势优于反光膜处理。无反光膜条件下,基质距地表不同深度处理下产量均值表现为:0.5 m>0.7 m>0.25 m>0.9 m。耗水量表现为随着沟深增加而减小。无反光膜处理下水分生产率和耗水量则随着沟深度的增加而增加,贴反光膜处理均小于同深度无反光膜处理。沟式栽培法可解决全封闭温室的高温、高湿问题,同时大大提高了作物水分生产率。

The temperature of the ditch cultivation was relatively stable and less seasonally changeable, so it was applied to create suitable temperature condition in closed greenhouse for crop growth. This paper compared the difference of environmental factor under different ditch depth, and analyzed the influence of growth, yield, and water productivity in water spinach. The results indicated that the temperature and illumination decreased with the increase of ditch depth. There were similar rules with light-reflecting film while the temperature and illumination were higher than those at the same ditch without light-reflecting film. The humidity remained between 25%- 60% which was suitable for the plant growth. The plant height and stem diameter of none reflecting film were better than those with reflecting film. The yields of without light-reflecting film at different ditch depth were 0.5 m treatment 〉 0.7 m treatment 〉 0.25 m treatment 〉0.9 m treatment, and was larger than the other treatments. Water consumption decreased with the increase of ditch depth. The water consumption and productivity increased with the increase of ditch depth and were fewer than those the none light-reflecting film at the same ditch depth. Therefore, the ditch cultivation is not only applicable for solving the problem of high temperature in summer in closed greenhouse, but also could improve the water productivity greatly.