江西赣抚平原区稻田灌排湿地生物多样性分析

Biodiversity Analysis of Pond Wetlands Used for Paddy Fields Irrigation and Drainage in Ganfu Plain

科学分析稻田灌排湿地生物多样性,对于稻田灌排湿地合理改造、科学利用以及田间水肥管理具有重要的指导作用。在江西省赣抚平原地区选取典型区域,对稻田灌排湿地生物多样性进行调查分析。结查表明,稻田灌排湿地昆虫和蜘蛛种类丰富,数量繁多,具有145种昆虫和21种蜘蛛;稻田灌排湿地中浮游动物、鱼类、两栖类和爬行动物种类较多,其中,浮游动物具有轮虫类12种、枝角类8种和桡足类6种,鱼类19种,隶属于3目6科,两栖类动物4种,隶属于1目2科,爬行动物4种,隶属于2目3科;昆虫、蜘蛛、浮游动物和鱼类其群落生物多样性指数(Shannon–Wiener多样性指数)最高分别达到4.90、1.80、0.70和3.47,呈现出较好的生物多样性;稻田灌排湿地具有优质水环境指示物种如马口鱼等各类动物,稻田灌排湿地水质较优,整个群落呈现出"健康"状态,区内生态系统良好。

Biodiversity analysis plays an important guiding role in the reasonable reconstruction of pond wetlands and the water and fertilizer management of paddy fields. A typical area located in the Ganfu plain was chosen to conduct the biodiversity analysis of the pond wetlands which was used for the irrigation source and the drainage sink of paddy fields. The results showed that the species and number of insect and spider was rich and large. There were 145 species of insects and 21 species of spider. There were many species of zooplanktons, fish, amphibians and reptiles surviving in the pond wetlands. The species of rotifera, cladocera and copepoda were 12, 8 and 6, respectively, belonging to 3 orders, 6 families. The species of amphibians was 4, belonging to 1 orders, 2 families. The species of reptiles was 4, belonging to 2 orders, 3 families. The Shannon-Wienner index of insect, spider, zoonplankton and fish were 4.90, 1.80, 0.70 and 3.47, respectively. The species, for example, Opsariichthys bidens, indicating high quality of water environment appeared in the pond wetlands, which showed that the whole wetland community status was ＂health＂ and the region＇ s ecological system was good.