广西2010-2015年艾滋病流行特征及趋势分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and trends of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi during 2010-2015

目的了解广西2010-2015年艾滋病流行特征及趋势,为制定针对性防治措施和模式提供科学依据。方法以全国艾滋病综合防治信息系统数据为基础,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析2010-2015年艾滋病新发现并报告病例疫情信息资料。结果广西新发现并报告艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS)病例数2011年比2010年增长22.34%,2012-2015年各年分别报告12 229例、10 877例、9 460例、9 190例,晚发现比例连续6年维持在50%以上。97%以上乡镇(街道)历年都有病例报告,男女比例为2.45∶1,男性新发现并报告为AIDS病人的从26.19%上升到35.41%;25~49岁占48.70%,25~49岁和0~14岁从54.40%下降到43.14%和从1.15%下降到0.52%,而50~64岁从22.44%上升到33.58%;农民占67.92%,从9 515例下降到6 483例,学生从36例上升到126例;异性性传播占90.42%,同性性传播从0.93%上升到5.33%,注射吸毒和母婴传播从10.74%下降到1.98%和从1.04%下降到0.48%。报告病例来源于医疗机构占57.07%,疾病预防控制机构占34.22%,HIV抗体检测医疗机构占66.08%,医疗机构检出阳性比例从2010年的1.91‰下降到2015年的0.88‰,不同机构不同年份阳性检测比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论广西2012-2015年新发现并报告HIV/AIDS病例数连续4年下降,但晚发现比例较高,且以性传播途径为主,提示广西艾滋病流行模式已发生转变,艾滋病防治工作面临诸多新挑战,亟须在策略及防治措施和模式上取得新的突破。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi during 2010–2015to provide scientific basis for HIV prevention and control.Methods Data were retrieved from the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.Results The number of newly diagnosed and reported HIV/AIDS cases increased 22.34% in 2011 than in2010,and showed a four-year continuous downward trend（respectively 12 229 cases,10 877 cases,9460cases,9190cases）from 2012 to 2015,in which above 50% of late discovery.More than 97% villages and towns had case reported over the years,and the ratio of male and female was 2.45∶1.Male AIDS patients were increasing from26.19%to 35.41%.48.70% of the cases were 25-49 years old.The number of age group between 25-49 years and0-14 years were decreasing from 54.40% to 43.14%and from 1.15% to 0.52%, while the age group between 50-64 years was increasing from 22.44% to33.58%）.67.92% were farmers decreasing from 9515 cases to 6483 cases,while cases of students increased from 36 cases to 126 cases.90.42% got infected through heterosexual transmission,while homosexual transmission increased from 0.93% to 5.33%.Injection drug use and mother-to-child transmission decreased from 10.74% to 1.98% and from 1.04% to0.48%.57.07% and 34.22% of the cases reported from medical institutions and CDC.66.08% of HIV antibody testing was from medical institutions.The positive ratio detected from medical institutions decreased from 1.91‰ in 2010 to 0.88‰ in 2015.Significance difference of positive ratios could be found among different institutions and different years（P〈0.01）.Conclusion The number of newly diagnosed and reported HIV/AIDS cases shows a continuous downtrend from 2012 to 2015.However,above 50% of late discovery remains for six years.The major route of infection is sexual transmission.It indicates that with the change of HIV epidemic mode in Guangxi,there are many new challenges for AIDS prevention and control.It is urgent to make new breakthrough to get preventive strategies and measures.