克里思顿.A.拉森对北欧福利发展话语的建构

Christian Albrekt Larsen's Construction of the Nordic Welfare Development Discourse

拉森认为,高度的社会信任是瑞典、丹麦等北欧国家多年来社会发展的突出特点。而英国和美国在20世纪70年代向后现代转型过程中,对于社会信任造成伤害,进而从高信任社会转变为低信任社会,社会发展中出现许多问题。他认为,瑞典、丹麦等北欧国家在中产阶级社会的前提下,更好地对社会底层进行了积极地认知和建构,化解了社会发展的不利因素,使高信任环境进一步稳定化。他也提到,在全球化发展的今天,也出现了一系列威胁社会信任的因素,如外来移民群体。这对于北欧社会的积极发展,对于北欧继续保持高信任社会的目标而言是一个挑战。

Larsen believes that a high degree of social trust is the prominent feature of the social development of the Nordic countries such as Sweden and Denmark over the years. However, the social trust has been damaged in Britain and the United States in the post-modern transitional period ever since the 1970s, shifting the two countries from high-trust societies to low-trust societies. Thus, many problems occur in the social development process. He believes that the lower social class can be recognized and constructed positively under the precondition of Sweden, Denmark and other Nordic countries being the middle-class society. Unfavorable factors of the social development can hence be resolved and the high-trust environment can be stabilized. He also mentions that there have been a series of factors that threaten social trust, such as immigrant groups, in the present development of globalization. It is a challenge for the positive development of the Nordic society and for the continuation of the goal of a high-trust society in the Nordic countries.