关于动物放生监管的思考

Thinking about the Supervision of Animal Release

放生活动作为一种宗教习俗在我国有着悠久的历史和一定的群众基础。由于缺乏专业指导和监管,放生引起了环境污染、生态入侵等危害自然生态系统和生态安全的事件,造成大量放生动物无效死亡、危害公共安全、助长非法猎捕等,影响放生地居民正常的生产生活,给野生动物保护与管理带来隐患,同时也违背了放生"尊重生命"的本意。2016年新修订的《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》将动物放生纳入管理范围,使对动物放生的监管有了明确的法律依据和支持,切合我国自然保护的现实需求。为实现对放生活动的科学监管,本文建议继续完善法规来加强放生管理,明确监管部门,制定放生管理的技术标准和管理制度,提出包括放生环境选址、放生动物规模、放生动物适合度、放生时间地点和放生监测方案等指标的放生技术标准,以期为放生提供制度和技术保障,使动物放生得以科学、有序、安全开展。同时,放生本质上仍然是人类对自然生态系统的干扰,科学放生的终极目标应为取消放生,建议通过更新观念、开展动物及栖息地保护来实现关爱动物的放生目的。

Prayer animal release has long been a religion custom and is practiced widely in China. Because of the lack of professional guidance and supervision,animal releases have caused a series of environmental accidents including pollutions and species invasions,and resulted in a large number of excess death of release animals,public security problem and illegal poaching increasing,and these had significant negative impacts on the production and living of local residents,as well as on the wildlife protection and management. At the same time,this also ran counter to the original meaning of animal release in Buddhist teachings. The new revision of the Law of the People＇s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife in 2016 introduced provisions of animal release,and provided clear and unequivocal legal basis for supervision and control to animal release,and met the actual need of current nature conservation in China. According to the requirement of new law,the management on animal releasing should be enhanced. In this article,we suggested to formulate the regulation of animal releasing based on the new law to improve its feasibility,appoint the specific management department,and build the technical standards and management process of animal release including the environment for animal releases,the number of prayer animals,the fitness and environmental impacts of prayer animals,the time and the place for releases,as well as the monitoring plan after animal releases. We hope these can provide technique and regulation supporting to ensure that animal releases are practiced in a scientific,well-organized and safe way. Simultaneously,based on the consideration that animal releasing was still a human disturbance to natural ecosystem,it should be banned and replaced by the program of field conservation to reach its religious goal consistently in the long term.