串钱柳挥发油化学成分及其抗细菌活性

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of volatile oils from the leaves and fruits of Callistemon viminalis

【目的】阐明串钱柳叶片和果实挥发油的化学组成及其抗细菌活性,以期为串钱柳的综合开发和利用奠定基础。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取串钱柳叶片和果实中的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对提取得到的挥发油进行化学成分分析,并通过滤纸片扩散法测定了挥发油对7种供试细菌的抑制活性。【结果】串钱柳叶片和果实中挥发油的得率分别为0.87%和0.16%,从串钱柳叶片和果实中分别鉴定出14和17个成分,分别占二者挥发油总量的93.34%和90.29%。叶片挥发油中的主要成分为桉叶油醇(52.89%)、(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯(17.28%)和α-松油醇(10.70%);而果实挥发油的主要成分为桉叶油醇(38.53%)、(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯(29.90%)和2-莰烯(8.02%);串钱柳叶片和果实挥发油对7种供试细菌均表现出一定的抑制作用,其中果实挥发油对根癌农杆菌的抑制活性最强,抑菌圈直径为(25.2±2.8)mm,而叶片挥发油对桉树青枯病菌的抑制活性最强,抑菌圈直径为(22.3±1.5)mm。【结论】串钱柳叶片中挥发油的含量高于其果实,叶片和果实挥发油的主要成分均为桉叶油醇和(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯,果实挥发油的抑菌活性要强于叶片挥发油。

【Objective】Elucidating the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of volatile oils from the leaves and fruits of Callistemon viminalis could provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of C.viminalis.【Method】Hydro-distillation was used to extract volatile oils from leaves and fruits and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.Furthermore,the filter paper diffusion method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of these oils against seven bacterial species.【Result】The yields of volatile oils from the leaves and fruits of C.viminalis were 0.87% and 0.16%（based on fresh weight）,respectively.GC-MS analysis identified 14 components in the volatile oil of leaves and 17 components in that of fruits,which accounted for 93.34%and 90.29%,respectively,of the total volatile oil contents of the two tested samples.Eucalyptol（52.89%）,（1R）-（＋）-α-pinene（17.28%） and（-）-α-terpineol（10.70%） were the major compounds in the volatile oil of leaves,whereas eucalyptol（38.53%）,（1R）-（＋）-α-pinene（29.90%） and α-bornene（8.02%） were the major compounds in that of fruits.The fruit volatile oil showed strongest inhibitory activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens,with an inhibition zone diameter of（25.2±2.8） mm.In contrast,the volatile oil from leaves showed strongest inhibitory activity against Ralstonia solanacearum,with an inhibition zone diameter of（22.3±1.5） mm.【Conclusion】The percentage com-position of volatile oil in the leaves of C.viminalis was higher than that in the fruits.Eucalyptol and（1R）-（＋）-α-pinene were the main volatile oil components in both leaves and fruits.The volatile oil extracted from fruits showed better antibacterial activity against bacteria than the volatile oil extracted from leaves.