义务教育发展政策变迁:制度分析与政策创新

Transformation of the Compulsory Education Policy: System Analysis and Policy Innovation

改革开放以来,义务教育经历了从非均衡发展到均衡发展的政策变迁。政策变迁的原因是义务教育制度的稳定性、社会大环境的变动性和不确定性,以及义务教育相关主体对利益极大化的追求三者之间持久的冲突。政策变迁虽已产生了一定的成效,但由于历史欠账多、路径依赖性强、政策变迁滞缓时间长、制度缺陷多等原因,导致义务教育均衡发展政策的推进乏力。因此,义务教育均衡发展政策的制定需要在以下几个方面实现创新:反哺农村教育,消解历史欠账,大力推进城乡义务教育一体化;强力推进义务教育发展政策的变迁,消除路径依赖;加强政策学习,缩短政策变迁滞缓时间;完善现有政策,弥补制度缺陷。

Since the application of the reform and opening policies, the compulsory education policy has transformed from unbalanced development into balanced development. The transformation is due to the stability of compulsory education system, the variability and uncertainty of social environment, and the desire to maximize the relative objectives＇ benefit. Although there have been positive results, the policy of balanced development of compulsory education hasn＇ t been promoted significantly since the historical problem, path dependence, duration barrier and system disadvantages etc. Therefore, the realization of policy innovation is advised to be advanced in the following aspects： to support rural education in promoting the integration of compulsory education between the urban and rural area; to create the innovative policy to break the path dependence; to strengthen the role of policy learning in decreasing the duration; to polish the existed policies to remedy the system defects.