水库生态调度研究新进展

Advancements in studies on reservoir ecological operation

随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对生态环境越来越重视,以兴利和防洪为主的传统水库调度已逐步转向生态调度,并最终实现水库综合调度。目前,世界上大部分流域出现了不同程度的生态问题,并且有愈演愈烈的趋势。因此,研究水库生态调度具有重要的现实意义。水库生态调度是在满足人们对水的基本需要的前提下,将各生态因子纳入到传统水库调度中,旨在恢复和维系河流生态系统。本文介绍了生态流量、生态调度等概念,分析了考虑生态水量、泥沙、水质等生态因子的生态调度方式,讨论了水库的综合调度,指明了水库生态调度的研究前沿与发展方向。

Along with rapid development in socity and economy, ecosystem and environment become increasingly important. Traditional reservoir operation oriented at economic benefits and flood control has gradually transformed into ecological operation, and further toward comprehensive operation. Presently, most of the river basins in the world have different degrees of ecological problems, which are increasingly prominent, and more efforts are attracted to studies in ecological reservoir regulation. This type of regulation means to incorporate ecological factors into the traditional operation on the premise of meeting basic human water demands, aimed at restoring or maintaining the ecosystem of rivers. This paper discusses concepts of river ecological water demand and ecological regulation and analyzes ecological scheduling approaches considering a variety of ecological factors： ecological flow, sediment condition, and water quality, etc. Comprehensive dispatching of reservoirs is also discussed and its frontiers and future development are pointed out.