外层空间军事化及其国际法规制的模式和路径

The Outer Space Militarization and the Mode and Route of Its Regulation under the International Law

外层空间军事化的内涵包括军事化利用人造卫星和外层空间武器化两种情形。国际法对外层空间军事化的规制,应当根据这两种情形而采取相应的具体模式。既有的国际条约法不能够充分地、有效地对外层空间军事化进行规制,未能禁止外层空间武器化活动,完善国际条约法又面临着诸多难以克服的困难。建立禁止外层空间武器化活动的国际习惯法规则应当是实现国际法对外层空间军事化规制的理想路径。禁止外层空间武器化活动的实践行为已经基本符合构成国际习惯法的物质要素,即国家实践的要求,但在心理要素即法律确信方面还有所缺失。

The connotation of the outer space militarization includes both the conditions of the military use of satellites and the outer space weaponization. Accordingly,different modes should be taken to regulate the outer space militarization under the international law,based on its different conditions. Since the existing international treaty law cannot regulate the outer space militarization sufficiently and effectively, especially cannot ban the outer space weaponization, and the promotion of such international treaty law is also facing quite a few difficulties which cannot be solved in due course,it should be a better route of regulating the outer space militarization under the international law by establishing the rule of customary international law on banning the outer space weaponization. The practices of banning the outer space weaponization have basically met the requirements of the substantial element, namely the state practice, for formulating the customary international law; while the mental element,namely the opinio juris is still far beyond. Withal ,the international community should take more active and positive actions to facilitate the establishment of such the rule of customary international law.