非垄断性和非命令式的美国总统立法计划权

President's Legislative Programs in the United States as a Non-monopoly and Non-commanding Power

美国总统立法计划权不具垄断性和排他性,而具竞争性和开放性;不是命令与服从式,而是说服与被说服式;不是总统"完全"拥有对国会的立法计划权,而只是实际"主导"着国会立法。美国总统立法计划权主要通过国情咨文等行使,法源根据有《联邦宪法》授权、国会和总统自身等。非垄断性和非命令式的立法计划权特质决定了美国属于制衡式,不同于英国的(权益)反映式和中国的自主式。美国立法计划权需要总统为之而斗争,结果受制于客观、主观和外围环境等因素。

The president＇s programs are not monopoly and excluding, rather than competitive and open to the members of congress; not commanding and abiding by, rather than persuading and being persuaded; not comprehensively dominating the whole process of the Congress, rather than only leading the legislative process of the Congress. The president＇s programs exit in the State of the Union Address mostly. The reasons include the Constitution of the United States,the president itself and the congress itself ext.. The president＇s programs are based on separation,checks ＆ balance, are different from rights-reflecting legislative plans of England and China＇s autonomous legislative plans. The president should struggle for his （or her）legislative programs to pass and is constraint of objective, subjective and externally environmental factors.