中国适用外交谈判解决海洋争端的困境与突破——以中菲南海争端为例

The Predicament and Breakthrough of China's Sea Dispute Settlement in the Context of Diplomatic Negotiation——Citing the Example of Sino-Philippine South China Sea Dispute

中国选择外交谈判路径解决海洋争端具有积极效用,同时也面临双重困境。以中菲南海争端作为考察对象可以发现,外交谈判路径的内部困境主要来源于内部运行机制的局限,包括谈判前提的设限、谈判过程的曲折及谈判结果的争议。外部困境主要来源于司法路径的挑战,包括司法渐进背景下有限的司法受益和消极的司法结果。欲实现外交谈判路径的良好功效,应从内外两方面予以突破:内部可对争端进行识别、将国土型争端转化为资源型争端,适用临时性安排;外部可在充分应对利用程序利益的基础上理性参与司法前置程序,阻却案件进入实质审理。

China＇s sea disputes with other countries have become a prominent problem bothering China＇s development on the sea in recent years. The choice of diplomatic negotiation for resolving sea disputes has both active effects and negative effects. Citing the example of Sino-Philippine South China Sea dispute, we can see the predicament of diplomatic negotiation mainly comes from limitations in internal mechanism and challenges in external judicial path. Thus, in order to achieve good results of diplomatic negotiation, we should make breakthrough in internal and external aspects. Internally, we can identify, shelve and temporarily arrange for the disputes; and externally, we can participate in judicially prepositional procedure based on full preparation.