基于卫星降水融合产品的黄河源区汛期径流模拟

Model Simulation of Flood Season Runoff in the Headwaters of the Yellow River Basin Using Satellite-Ground Merged Precipitation Data

黄河源区(唐乃亥水文站以上)多年平均径流量约200×108m3,占黄河天然径流量的34%,是黄河流域的主要产流区和重要的水源涵养区.黄河源区历史汛期径流的变化一直是学界关注热点.本文以数字流域模型研究对象,旨在提高黄河源区历史汛期径流模拟结果精度.首先对比评价了黄河源区多源降水数据,相比于地面雨量站数据和CMORPH降水数据,CMORPH地面融合降水数据在黄河源区分辨率较高,精度可靠.其次集成了适用于黄河源区的大尺度、高分辨率的数字流域模型,利用融合降水数据,完成了黄河源区汛期径流的模拟.将2008~2012年汛期划分为率定年和验证年,径流模拟结果显示,率定和验证期逐日径流过程的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数较高,汛期径流量符合良好,证明了数字流域模型在黄河源区的适用性,有利于黄河源区水资源分布进一步的评估和管理.

The headwaters of Yellow River Basin （upstream Tangnaihai hydrological yielding an annual runoff of nearly 20 billion m3 , contribute approximately 34% of station ）, the total runoff of the whole basin, and play a significant role in water resources and social impacts. Many studies have focused on the runoff change in this region. To get better understandings of the model simulation of flood season runoff in the headwaters of the Yellow River Basin, the Digital Yellow River Integrated Model （noted as DYRIM hereafter） was applied as a large-scale and high-resolution distributed hydrological model. The DYRIM was developed with the extraction of high-resolution drainage networks, as well as the double-layer parallel system. The accuracy of muhisource rainfall data was compared and evaluated. Compared with the ground rainfall data and CMORPH satellite data, the historical rainfall data from the satellite-ground merged precipitation data have higher resolution and better precision. The merged rainfall data was used to complete the simulation of flood season runoff in the headwaters region. For the runoff simulation from 2008 to 2012, the results show that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients （NSEs） of daily runoff in both the calibration and validation period are good, and the total amounts of simulated runoff are satisfactory, which proves the feasibility of the DYRIM and its usefulness for the evaluation and management of water resources in the headwaters region.