吉林省初中生健康素养影响因素分析

The influential factors' analysis of functional health literacy among junior middle school students in Jilin Province

目的明确吉林省初中生健康素养水平并分析其影响因素。方法应用多阶段分层整群抽样结合便利抽样的方法,采用余小鸣教授等开发的健康素养问卷以无记名自填问卷方式对吉林省5所初中882名学生进行问卷调查,利用Epi Data 3.0软件录入和校正数据,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果我国初中生健康素养总分平均分为(0.74±0.11)分,处于中上等水平,其健康知识、健康理念、健康技能和健康行为4个维度均具有较高的得分,分别为(0.75±0.14)、(0.75±0.18)、(0.74±0.20)和(0.71±0.10)分;经单因素方差分析,性别(t=3.957,P=0.047)、民族(t=37.041,P<0.01)、留守(t=22.551,P<0.01)、居住地(t=72.869,P<0.01)等人口学特征差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归方程结果显示,与农村、成绩中等、住宿、初一的初中生相比,城市、成绩中等偏下和偏上、非住宿生、初二及年龄稍大的初中生健康素养要高。其回归方程R^2=0.224,P<0.01。结论吉林省初中生具备较好的健康素养,有必要对初中生健康素养展开更高层次的研究。

Objective To determine the level of functional health literacy and analysis its influential factors among junior middle school students in Jilin Province. Methods By using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling and convenient sampling method, 882 students of five junior high schools in Jilin Province were admitted by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire developed by Professor Yu Xiao-ming about functional health literacy. Epi Data 3.0 software was used in input and correction data, SPSS 19.0 was used in statistical analysis. Results The average scores of functional health literacy in junior middle school was （0. 74 ± 0. 11 ）, which was above the middle level, four dimensions （ health knowledge, health concept, health skills and health behavior） had a higher score, the scores were （0. 75 ±0. 14）, （0. 75 ±0. 18）, （0. 74 ± 0. 20 ）, （ 0. 71 ± 0. 10）, respectively. The single factor variance analysis displayed that gender （ t = 3. 957, P = 0. 047）, nationality （t=37.041, P〈0.01）, left behind （t=22.551, P〈0.01）, place of residence （t=72.869, P〈0.01） and other demographic characteristics had statistical significance （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Multiple linear regression showed that, compared with rural areas, middle grades, accommodation, freshmen, cities, above and below middle grade, non-residential, second year and older junior middle school students had higher health literacy. The regression equation is R2 = 0. 224, P 〈 0. 01. Conclusion The junior middle school students had better functional health literacy, it is necessary to research higher level＇ s health literacy of junior middle school in Jilin Province.