天津市孕妇烟草危害认知调查及干预效果评价

Investigation of cognition towards tobacco hazard and its effect among pregnant women in Tianjin

目的了解天津市孕妇烟草危害知识知晓情况及评价健康干预措施的效果。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,在天津市10个区县共调查1063例孕妇,于干预前后,利用自填问卷的形式,调查孕妇对于烟草危害知识的知晓情况。结果干预后孕妇的被动吸烟率由干预前的67.9%降至59.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后孕妇对于吸烟导致疾病的认知水平明显提高,如吸烟导致中风的知晓率由15.1%提高到53.7%,孕妇吸烟导致流产、早产的知晓率由60.7%提高到79.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后孕妇对于被动吸烟导致疾病的认知水平也明显提高,如被动吸烟导致成人心脏病的知晓率由26.5%提高至57.8%,孕妇被动吸烟导致分泌乳汁减少的知晓率由19.9%提高至52.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论天津市孕妇的被动吸烟率较高,对孕妇进行控烟干预能有效提高孕妇的烟草危害知识水平,并有效降低孕妇被动吸烟率。

Objective To investigate the cognition of tobacco hazard among pregnant women and to evaluate the effect of this intervention program. Methods With the multi-stage cluster sampling, 1063 pregnant women were randomly chosen among 10 districts and counties in Tianjin. Before and after the intervention, they fill in the questionnaire about the tobacco hazard cognition by themselves. Results After the intervention, passive smoking rate of the pregnant women droped from 67.9% to 59.6% , and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; after the intervention, the pregnant women cognitive level of smoking hazards had improved, awareness rate of smoking lead to stroke and abortion/premature birth respectively raised from 15. 1% to 53.7% and from 60. 7% to 79. 9% , the difference were all statistically significant （P 〈 0. 01 ）; meanwhile, after the intervention, the pregnant women cognitive level of passive smoking hazards had improved too, awareness rate of passive smoking lead to adult heart disease and lactating reduce respectively raised from 26. 5% to 57.8% and fi＇om 19.9% to 52. 3% , the difference were all statistically significant （P 〈0. 01 ）. Conclusion Pregnant women in Tianjin have higher passive smoking level, providing tobacco control interventions among pregnant women are helpful in raising awareness of tobacco hazards and reducing the passive smoking rate.