社会资本、创业环境与农民涉农创业绩效

Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Environment and Peasants' Entrepreneurial Performance in Agriculturerelated Businesses

农民涉农创业既是农民对"大众创业"政策环境的响应,也是优化农村产业结构、促进农民增收的重要途径。文章将农民的社会资本划分为同质性社会资本和异质性社会资本两种类型,从提供创业资源的意愿和能力视角以及激励监督视角分析了社会资本影响农民涉农创业绩效的机理,并利用745个农民涉农创业样本考察了创业环境约束下农民的社会资本对其涉农创业绩效的影响。结果显示:农民的社会资本能够显著提高创业资源的可得性,它是影响农民涉农创业绩效的重要因素;由于提供创业资源的能力以及对创业者的激励监督强度不同,异质性社会资本对农民涉农创业绩效的影响比同质性社会资本更大;在创业环境约束性较强的情况下,社会资本对农民涉农创业的作用更为重要。这意味着农民在涉农创业中普遍依赖社会资本可能是由于农村创业环境较差所致,农民当前可以根据不同类型社会资本的特点,充分利用社会资本提高其涉农创业绩效,但从长远来看,农民涉农创业绩效的提高更需要政府健全农村创业服务体系,优化农村创业环境。

Peasants＇ entrepreneurship in agriculture-related businesses is not only their responses to the policy environment of mass entrepreneurship,but also an important way to improve industrial structure in rural areas and increase peasants＇ income. This paper divides the social capital of peasants into two types,namely homogeneous social capital and heterogeneous social capital,and analyzes the mechanism of social capital affecting peasants＇ entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses from the perspectives of the willingness ability of providing entrepreneurial resources and incentives supervision. Then,based on 745 microscopic samples of peasant entrepreneurs,this paper analyzes the impact of social capital of peasants on peasants＇ entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses in different environment restrictions. It comes to the following conclusions：firstly,social capital of peasants can significantly raise the availability of entrepreneurial resources and is an important factor affecting peasants＇ entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses;secondly,owing to different ability of providing entrepreneurial resources and strength of incentives and supervison,heterogeneous social capital has greater effect on peasants＇ entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses than homogeneous social capital;thirdly,in the entrepreneurial environment with strong constraints,the role of social capital in peasants＇ entrepreneurship in agriculture-related businesses is more important. It means that the general dependence of peasants＇ entrepreneurship in agriculture-related businesses on social capital may be the responses to worse entrepreneurial environment in rural areas,and currently peasants can make full use of social capital according to the features of different types of social capital to increase their entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses,but in the long run,the increase in peasants＇ entrepreneurial performance in agriculture-related businesses requires governments to perfect rural entrepreneurial services system and optimize rural entrepreneurial environment.