仲裁程序争议司法审查制度比较与借鉴

Comparison of Legal Mechanism for Judicial Review of Arbitration Proceedings & Its Reference to China

仲裁程序争议司法审查制度的合适性对促进仲裁的健康发展是十分重要的。仲裁程序争议的司法审查对象主要可分为是否违反约定仲裁程序和是否违反仲裁程序强行法两大类型的争议,其所依据的制定法不仅体现为国内法或域内法,而且有国际条约的统一约束。然而,个别国家或地区历史上或当今在违反约定仲裁程序的司法审查中作出了有违国际主流实践的解释。可喜的是,这种情况越来越少和越来越受到严厉批评。在违反仲裁程序强行法争议司法审查所依据的制定法方面,仲裁强国或强区不仅有突出的原则规定,而且陆续发生了很细致丰富的判例实践,对相关当事人的行为具有很好的指导作用。我国仲裁程序争议司法审查所依据的制定法存在着较大的缺陷,具体的表现包括《仲裁法》中大部分条款的放置位置不妥、没有明确当事人有约定程序的权利和自由、强行的仲裁正当程序要求不完整、其他的程序规范不合理或缺位,我国应在借鉴仲裁强国或强区的先进制度的基础上结合国情,主要通过修订相应规则予以弥补。

The appropriateness of legal mechanism for judicial review of arbitration proceedings is very important to the healthy development of arbitration. The objects of judicial review of arbitration proceedings can be mainly divided into issues concerning the breach of agreed arbitration proceedings and ones concerning the breach of mandatory due process requirements, and its statute law not only embodies domestic law or local law, but also has unified binding of international treaties. However, some countries or regions in history or at present make some interpretations that deviate from international mainstream practices. The good news is that this situation is getting less and less and is more and more severely criticized. In terms of statue law that judicial review concerning the breach of mandatory due process requirements of arbitration proceedings is based on, strong arbitration countries or regions not only have prominent principle stipulation, but also have made very detailed and rich case practices in succession and paly the better guidance role in the behavior of related litigants. The legal provisions in China＇s Arbitration Law for judicial review of arbitration proceedings are comparatively defective,reflecting unreasonable location of most articles, no clear rules about the rights and freedom for the parties to tailor arbitration proceedings for themselves, incomplete requirements of mandatory due process, and so on. China should revise, delete or add relevant articles in the above-mentioned Arbitration Law by mainly referring to overseas advanced legal system.