大杜鹃对家燕的巢寄生

Brood Parasitism on Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica) Populations in China by Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)

了解杜鹃(Cuculus spp.)对不同宿主鸟类的巢寄生,是研究杜鹃与其宿主之间协同进化的重要基础资料。大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)和家燕(Hirundo rustica)分布遍及全国,且为同域分布,但两者之间的寄生现象尚未有过系统调查。2012年和2014年4~8月,对繁殖于吉林市昌邑区桦皮厂镇(34°58′44.18″N,126°13′26.83″E,海拔184 m)和海南岛的家燕种群进行调查,结果表明,吉林市昌邑区桦皮厂镇家燕种群的寄生率为2.4%(1/42),而在海南岛所调查的1 719个家燕巢未发现杜鹃寄生现象。同时在网络上搜集家燕巢寄生的报道案例,共记录到13巢家燕被大杜鹃寄生繁殖,均发生在北方的家燕种群。

Brood parasitism on different host species by cuckoos is of importance for understanding the coevolutionary arms race between cuckoos and their hosts.The Common Cuckoo（Cuculus canorus） and Barn Swallow（Hirundo rustica） are sympatric and summer breeding birds across China,however,to date there has been little information on cuckoo parasitism on Barn Swallow populations in China.During the breeding seasons from April to August in 2012 and 2014,we surveyed the brood parasitism on Barn Swallow populations at Huapichang Town in Jilin Province（34°58′44.18″N,126°13′26.83″E） and 11 counties in Hainan Province,China.The parasitism rate of Common Cuckoo on Barn Swallow at Huapichang was 2.4%（1/42）,however,there was no case of cuckoo parasitism on Barn Swallow populations in Hainan with 1 719 nests being surveyed.To search for information of cuckoo parasitism on Barn Swallow on the Internet,we found 13 cases of parasitism with the host all being the Common Cuckoos in northern China during the breeding season of June and July（Fig.1,Appendix）.Possible explanations might be the populations of Common Cuckoo and Barn Swallow in north China are relatively large,and the early breeding time of Barn Swallow in south China staggers the peak reproduction of Common Cuckoo.