汉画“周公辅成王”与汉代政治

The Stone Carvings of the Duke Zhou Assisting the King Cheng and Politics of the Two Han Dynasties

以"周公辅成王"为题材的汉画像石主要分布在山东等地。周公辅成王的史实涉及幼主、权臣、宗室三个方面的关系。早在先秦时期,周公就已被视为圣人。西汉时期,霍光和王莽都曾在政治上效法周公。霍光是比附周公的正面典型,而王莽则是假托周公的反面例子。到了东汉,官方更突出周公"圣师"的地位,并与兴学重教结合起来。"周公辅成王"汉画在东汉的出现与两汉的政治分不开,也同鲁地信仰周公的传统相关。

The stone carvings of the Duke Zhou assisting the King Cheng was distributed mainly in Shandong and other provinces. The historical facts of the Duke Zhou assisting the King Cheng contained relationships amid the little king, powerful minister and impe- rial clansman. The Duke Zhou was deemed to be sage during the Pre-Qin Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, Huo Guang and Wang Mang both politically took the Duke Zhou as their model. Huo Guang was a positive example, while Wang Mang was a negative case. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the government highlighted the Duke Zhou as a holy teacher. The appearance of the stone carvings of the Duke Zhou assisting the King Cheng in the Eastern Han Dynasty was connected with two Han Dynasties＇ politics, the traditions of the belief about the Duke Zhou in the Lu region was also a factor.