“通文字之用”与“我手写吾口”——黄遵宪语文思想的两个向度

Two Dimensions of Huang Zunxian's Literary Thought

黄遵宪语文改良思想有两个向度,其一是"通文字之用",其二是"我手写吾口"。前者思想缘起在于言、文长久分离,受教育阶层与未受教育阶层身份地位长久固化且立场观念对立严重,而其改良落实则在于"天下之农工商贾妇女幼稚"皆能"通文字之用";后者的立意则在于书写者个体的主体性的完整实现,其立场在于批评泥古不化、受其拘牵。在清末民初的语文及文学改良思潮中,这两种诉求既彼此呼应又有所差别,而在具体的历史叙述中,两者之间的差别又往往被忽略而被混同一体,这不仅不利于对汉语中长久存在的言、文分合现象以及此间全新"读者"关切意识兴起适度且深入之考察,也妨碍了对于近代书写者个体之主体意识的完整性诉求应有之关注研究。

Huang Zunxian＇ s appeal for Chinese language and literature reform involved two aspects. One was ＂focus on the general use of words＂, and the other was ＂I write what I talk＂. The former resulted from the fact that the long-term separation of spoken language and written language and that the invariable social status and ideas of the educated class and uneducated class. So his Chinese language reform on this point aimed to make ＂all people. While the latter＇s intention centered in the full realization of the writer＇s individual project by criticizing stability of the classes and its influences. During the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the two kinds of demands echoed and differentiated. In terms of the specific historical narrative, the differences between the two were often overlooked and mixed. Therefore, it isn＇ t good for the study of the long existence of the separation of spoken and written languages. In addition, it also ignores the due attention to the the intuition of the subjective consciousness of the individual writers in modem times.