中国经济存在“管理红利”吗?——证据与增长贡献

Does “Management Dividend” Exist in China's Economy?——Proof and Growth Contribution

中国庞大的人口数量曾经以人口红利释放的方式有力地推动了经济的高增长,但随着当前人口红利的消减,经济转型中人口数量的优势要继续发挥作用有赖于劳动效率的提高。文章认为管理对劳动的有效激励可以提高劳动努力程度从而提高劳动效率,因此通过管理实现的效率优势就体现在劳动效率的高低上,管理红利作为管理获得的效率优势或超额收益可以用劳动效率来替代。中美两国劳动效率数据比较结果表明中国存在管理红利,实证计量结果则表明管理红利对于中国经济增长的贡献达到了14.8%。基于此,认为中国应加大管理要素投入并提高管理对数量庞大的劳动者的有效激励,充分提高劳动努力程度,提升劳动效率,从而为稳定中国的中高速增长、推进供给侧改革做出更大的贡献。

The enormous population of China used to strongly promote its economic growth in the form of increasing demographic dividend. At present, with the decrease of demographic dividend, it depends on the improvement of the labor efficiency to sustain the advantage of population during the economic transformation in China. The author believes that effective incentive of management on labor can improve the effort of labor, which further improves labor efficiency. So the efficiency advantage gained from management can be reflected in the degree of labor efficiency. As the efficiency advantage or excess return of management, management dividend can be substituted by labor efficiency. The comparison of the labor efficiency data between China and the U. S. shows that China has management dividend, and the result of quantitative analysis shows that the contribution of management dividend on China＇ s economic growth reached 14.8%. Based on the results, the paper argues that China should make more investment in management factors and improve effective incentive of management in such a large number of labor to fully promote the effort of labor and improve labor efficiency. In this way, the medium - high economic growth of China can be sustained, and more contribution can be made in promoting the reform of the supply front.