福岛核事故对山东海域海产品^(134)Cs、^(137)Cs放射性活度浓度的影响

Effects of Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Activity Concentration of Cesium -134 and Cesium -137 of Marine Products in Shandong

目的调查2011年3月福岛核事故后山东沿海海产品中的放射性水平,研究福岛核污染对山东沿海海产品的放射性影响。方法依据《食品中放射性物质检验总则》(GB 14883-94)进行样品的采集和预处理,依据《生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16145-1995)等测量方法进行了测量,依据《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871-2002)对居民摄入海产品进行剂量估算。结果山东海域烟台、青岛和威海3地的甲壳类(虾蛄)、海鱼类(鲅鱼)、软体类(乌贼)、植物类(海带)和贝类(毛蚶)共采集15个样品,在甲壳类的虾蛄、海鱼类的鲅鱼的3个采样点采集的样品中均检测出了人工核素^(137)Cs,其他类样品未检出^(137)Cs;所采集的海产品均未检出^(134)Cs。虾蛄样品中^(137)Cs的活度浓度范围为0.016~0.026 Bq/kg,算数均值为0.020 Bq/kg;鲅鱼样品中^(137)Cs的活度浓度范围为0.051~0.096 Bq/kg,算数均值为0.069 Bq/kg。甲壳类(虾蛄)和海鱼类(鲅鱼)海产品对居民待积年有效剂量分别为3.9×10^(-6)、2.7×10^(-5)mSv。结论 2011年3月日本福岛核事故对山东海域海产品未观察到辐射污染;居民食入上述海产品不会造成过多的剂量负担。

Objective To investigate radioactivity levels in coastal seafood in Shandong after the March 2011 Fukushima nu- clear accident,and to study the radioactive effects on seafood in coastal areas of Shandong. Methods Sample collection and pretreatment were carried out according to the method of ＂Examination of Radioactive Materials for Foods - General Principle ＂ （ GB 14883.1 - 94 ）. The samples of marine products were measured according to ＂Gamma Spectrometry Methed of Analysing Radionuclides in Biological Samples＂ （ GB/T 16145 - 1995 ）. The committed aborbed dose are estimated for residents receiv- ing seafood according to ＂Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources＂ （GB 18871 -2002）. Results We collected 3 samples for each class in Yantai, Qingdao and Weihai of shandong, such as squillid of crustaceans, wahoo of fish, cuttlefish of mollusks class, kelp of plants category and clam of shellfish. The artificial nuclide cesium - 137 was detected in each sample of squillid and wahoo in Yantai, Qingdao and Weihai, and cesium - 137 was not detected in the other samples. Cesium -134 was not detected in all samples. The results showed that,squillid and wahoo, the activity concentration of cesium - 137 ranged from 0.016 Bq/kg to 0.026 Bq/kg and from O. 051 Bq/kg to 0.096 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual equivalent effective doses derived from squillid and wahoo ingestion are 3.9×10^-6mSv and 2.7×10^-6 mSv, respectively. Conclusion March 2011 Fukushima nuclear accidcn did not cause the marine products to be polluted by radionuclide in coastal areas of Shandong. The annual equivalent effective dose derived from the marine products ingestion was at a safe level.