基于范畴图式-示例关系的释同与解异探析——英语学习词典范畴化释义研究

Defining the commonalities and differences based on the relation between category schemata and instantiations: Categorized lexical definitions for the English learner's dictionary

范畴理论用于释义经历了从经典范畴、原型范畴到图式范畴的发展,为词典释义提供了重要的理论和方法上的支撑,但它在英语学习词典的释义中并未得到应有重视。本文以原型与范畴图式的基本特征为切入点,从语言单位的图式性、图式理论的释义功能和认知域在图式特征建构中的作用等方面,探讨学习词典如何运用图式理论进行范畴词汇的释同和解异;然后,通过非范畴释义存在的问题阐释范畴释义的必要性与释义优势,最后提出基于图式-示例关系的释义理论和操作模式。

The category theory, which has evolved from a classical to a prototypic to a schematic category, provides important theoretical and methodological support for the category-based definition;however, it has not been given adequate attention in learner's dictionaries yet. The present paper, which begins with the characteristics of the prototype and of category schema, attempts to discuss how to define the commonalities and differences of categorized headwords in a schematic approach in terms of schematicity of linguistic units, the defining functions of the schema category and the roles of cognitive domain in schema categorization. After examining and contrasting categorized and uncategorized definitions, the paper demonstrates the necessity and advantages of schemabased categorized definition. Finally, it offers a theoretical model and an operational method for the definition based on the relation between category schemata and instantiations.