产业政策与我国经济的发展:新结构经济学的视角

Industrial Policy and China's Economic Development:From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

虽然许多国家的产业政策不成功,但是没有产业政策的国家,其经济发展必然不成功。因此,作为经济学家的责任不是因为怕产业政策失败而凡产业政策一概都反对,或是因为产业政策是经济发展成功的必要条件就无条件地支持一切产业政策,应该要研究清楚产业政策成功和失败的道理,以帮助政府在使用产业政策时,减少失败,提高成功的概率。本文从新结构经济学的视角分析为何经济发展需要产业政策才能成功。文章指出,经济发展需要"有效的市场"和"有为的政府"之共同作用,进而简要分析了发展中国家和发达国家在运用产业政策时为何会失败。基于新结构经济学的研究视角,将我国的产业分为追赶型、领先型、退出型、弯道超车型、战略型这五种类型,阐述了我国如何才能制定有效的产业政策。文章指出,应根据各种产业的特征,发挥好"有效的市场"和"有为的政府"两只手的作用,共同推动我国的产业转型升级。

Although the industrial policies in many countries failed, a country＇s economic development is bound to be unsuccessful without industrial policy. The responsibility of an economist is not to object any kind of industrial policy for fear of the failure of industrial policy, nor unconditionally support all kinds of industrial policy because industrial policy is a necessary condition for the success of economic development. An economist should explore the causes behind the success or failure of industrial policies so as to helping government reduce the chance of failure and improve the probabilities of success in applying industrial policies. From the perspective of New Structural Economics, in this paper, the industries in China are divided into five types. The paper also analyzed why the economic development needs industrial policy, why the majority of industrial policy failed, and how to formulate effective industrial policy in China.