健康人群颈动脉斑块形成的检出率及其危险因素

Detection rate and risk factors of carotid plaque formation in healthy population

目的了解健康人群颈动脉斑块形成的情况,并探讨其危险因素,以减少心血管事件的发生。方法抽取我院2015年1~10月期间健康体检人群中行颈动脉检查的1 014例资料,根据体检结果分为斑块组(98例)和无斑块组(916例),结合问卷调查以及生化检查中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、血尿酸(UA)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)等指标,先进行单因素分析,再将与颈动脉斑块形成的相关变量纳入Logistic回归分析,得出主要独立危险因素。结果两组人群中年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、血压、FBG、Hb A1c、LDL-C比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);盐摄入、运动、BMI、TC、TG、HDL-C、UA比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。将上述有统计学意义的变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、性别、吸烟、高收缩压、高血糖是颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉斑块的形成是多因素共同作用的结果,而年龄、性别、吸烟、高收缩压、高血糖可能是颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素,饮酒、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白增高是颈动脉斑块形成的相关因素。

Objective To explore the information of carotid artery plaque formation in healthy population, and investigate its risk factors, in order to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. Methods The clinical data of 1 014 cases of carotid artery examination in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2015 were randomly selected and divided into the plaque group（98 cases） and non-plaque group（916 cases） according to the examination results. Combined with the questionnaire and biochemical indicators of triglyceride（TG）, total cholesterol（TC）, high density lipoprotein（HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein（LDL-C）, blood uric acid（UA）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, glycosylated hemoglobin（Hb A1c） and other indexes univariate analysis was carried out firstly. Logistic regression analysis was then used to analyze the variables associated with carotid plaque formation to obtain the major independent risk factors. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, smoking, drinking, blood pressure,FBG, Hb A1 c, LDL-C（P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in salt intake, exercise,BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, UA（P〉0.05）. Regression analysis showed that age, sex, smoking, high systolic blood pressure and hyperglycemia were the independent risk factors for carotid plaque formation（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Carotid plaque formation is the result of interaction of multiple factors. Age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia may be independent risk factors for carotid artery plaque formation, while drinking, glycosylated hemoglobin, increase of low density lipoprotein are the related factors of carotid artery plaque formation.