京郊奶牛场奶牛福利与养殖状况调研报告——奶牛冷热应激程度与防暑防寒情况

Investigation Report on Dairy Welfare and Health Feeding in Beijing——Heat and Cold Stress and Its Regulation in Dairy Cow

为了考察北京地区奶牛场环境调控能力,本次专项调研收集了来自密云、大兴、昌平、延庆、顺义、房山6个区的62家存栏量在100头以上的规模化奶牛场数据。本调查报告主要着重于冷热应激程度与防暑防寒情况的调研。结果发现:在夏季,牛场中日产奶量下降3kg以上的有23家,占37.1%,表明奶牛的热应激反应较为严重。在喷淋、遮阳棚、风扇等防暑降温措施中,喷淋、遮阳棚相比风扇更能减少夏季热应激对奶牛产奶量的影响;在冬季,北京地区奶牛受到的冷应激相比夏季受到的热应激要小得多,但是采取防风措施、给犊牛套穿马甲对牛场年平均产奶量改善效果仍十分明显。

This report was aimed to investigate the environmental regulation and control ability, health and welfare condition of dairy cow in Beijing. Sixty two dairy farms, of which the breeding stock was more than 100 head and from 6 counties and districts of Miyun, Daxing, Changping, Yanqing, Shunyi and Fangshan, was studied. In the present part, it was focused on heat and cold stress, and its regulation on dairy cows. The results were concluded that： 23 of the 62 farms accounting for 37.1% farm contributed to a decrease of 3kg for daily milk yield. It suggested that heat stress had an averse effect on dairy production; further, cooling systems such as sprinkler and fan had a significantly effect on attenuating heat stress than awning; in addition, in winter, cold stress is not so obvious than heat stress in summer for dairy cows. Nevertheless, anti-wind measures, and wearing a vest for calves may indirectly relate to average milk yield for dairy cows.