以跨理论模型为指导的健康教育在高原部队战场急救技术培训中的应用效果研究

Application of health education guided by the trans-theoretical model on the training of the first aid in the high altitude troops

目的：研究以跨理论模型为指导的健康教育在高原基层部队战场急救技术培训中的应用效果。方法选择386名长期驻扎高原地区的部队官兵，根据编号末尾数字的奇偶分为对照组和试验组各193名，对照组采用传统的健康教育形式，试验组以跨理论模型为指导，由医院组织护理专家对研究对象进行分阶段针对性干预。统计分析在不同时期各组处于各阶段的人数，各组的考核成绩及格率。结果实施干预6个月后，试验组高原部队官兵对战场“五大”急救技术的掌握有明显的改善且各项得分均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。理论知识调查问卷结果显示，对照组及格率为89.1%（172/193），试验组及格率为99.5%（192/193），2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.129，P=0.039）。在技术操作上调查对象通气、止血、包扎、固定、搬运考核及格率方面，对照组分别为88.1%（170/193）、89.1%（172/193）、89.1%（172/193）、88.1%（170/193）、88.6%（171/193），试验组分别为99.5%（192/193）、97.9%（189/193）、99.5%（192/193）、96.9%（187/193）、97.4%（188/193），2组比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=7.896～12.759，P=0.001～0.043）。结论跨理论模型在高原部队战场“五大”急救技术培训中的应用具有良好的效果，能够有效改善部队官兵的自救互救能力，值得推广应用。

Objective To study the application effect of health education guided by the theory of cross-theoretical model in the training of the first aid training in the basic units of the plateau. Methods Choosing 386 long-term presence of plateau soldiers, and divided them into the control group and the experimental group, the control group was educated by traditional method, in the experimental group, the health education was carried out with the trans-theoretical model, nursing experts gave them targeted intervention. The number of groups at each stage was analyzed in different stages, the same to examination results and pass rate. Results After 6 months of intervention, there was a significant improvement in the mastering of the battlefield ＂Five＂ emergency technology of the experimental group and the scores were better than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. Theoretical results showed that pass rate of the control group was 89.1%（172/193）, the experimental group was 99.5%（192/193）, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （χ2=7.129, P=0.039）. In the survey of technical operation, ventilation, hemostasis, bandaging, fixing and handling examination pass rate of the control group respectively were 88.1%（170/193）, 89.1%（172/193）, 89.1%（172/193）, 88.1%（170/193）, 88.6%（171/193）, the experimental group were 99.5%（192/193）, 97.9%（189/193）, 99.5%（192/193）, 96.9%（187/193）, 97.4%（188/193）, there were significant differences between the two groups （χ2=7.896-12.759, P=0.001-0.043）. Conclusions Cross theoretical model has good effect on the application of＆quot;Five＆quot;emergency technology training in the high altitude troops battlefield, and can effectively improve the troops self- help and mutual aidcapabilities, it is worthy of popularization and application.