法律的模糊/局限性与制度修辞

On Institutional Rhetoric for the Limitation and Vagueness of Law

法律作为人类交往行为的规范体系,在秉有理性、逻辑性和科学性的同时,也具有模糊性和局限性。法律的模糊/局限性因多种原因导致。法律的模糊/局限性,取决于其诗性、修辞性和可接受性,但同时又帮助法律克服模糊/局限性,并在修辞预设的前提下,实现法律的理性、逻辑性和科学性。因为在本质上,人类生活在一个时空无限敞开的世界,法律必须能动于这种时空开放性。修辞就是人类应对交往行为无限敞开的方式,也是应对法律之逻辑理性有限的工具。法律的模糊性需要明确性修辞,法律的局限性需要包容性修辞。修辞既使法律开放,也预设法律的界限,因此它在开放时空中助益于法律的完善。同理,制度修辞既是法律开放的技术,也是法律臻于完善的条件。制度修辞的设定,有如哲学家所谓上帝悬设,为法律的不断认知和完善创造条件。

As a system of human communicative behavior norms,law is rational,logical and scientific,but also has the illegibility and limitations. A variety of causes lead to the illegibility and limitations of law. Legal illegibility and limitations depend on their poetry,rhetoric and acceptability,but at the same time which help to overcome the illegibility and limitations of law,and in premise of rhetoric preset,to achieve the rationality,logic and scientific of law. Because we live in a unlimited open world of time and space in essence,the law must be active in this openness of time and space. Rhetoric is the human response to unlimited open world of communicative action,but also the response to the limitation of legal logic rationality. The illegibility of law needs the specific legal rhetoric,the limitations of law requires inclusive legal rhetoric.Legal rhetoric makes law become open,but also preset the limits of the law,so it is helpful to perfect the law in openness of time and space. Similarly,the system rhetoric is both technology of the openness of law and the conditions of the perfection of law. The set of system rhetoric,like the philosopher called God suspends,creates the conditions for the improvement of the awareness and perfection of law.