美国原油物流体系现状、问题及未来发展趋势探析

Current Situation,Problems and Future Development Trend of Crude Oil Logistics System in the United States

得益于丰富的资源和得天独厚的地理环境优势,美国较早建立起了强大的石油工业体系。仓储物流体系,在美国石油化工行业的发展中起着极大的推动作用,有效地调节着石油产区和消费地的不平衡,进而促进了石油贸易的发展。美国的原油物流主要包括管道运输、远洋油轮运输、驳船运输、铁路(罐车)运输和油罐(卡)车运输5种方式,其中主要依靠管道运输和远洋油轮运输,而管道运输尤为重要。2015年美国炼厂通过管道运输接收的原油总量占到炼厂接收总量的61%,远洋油轮运输总量占接收总量的29%。最近几年来,美国在能源基础设施方面的投资呈不断增长趋势,其中很大一部分是对仓储物流设施的投资。而健全完善的物流体系,将会对WTI价格以及北美地区原油价格形成较强的支撑作用。建议中国能源企业寻求在北美地区、尤其是在墨西哥湾地区开拓仓储物流业务。在赴美投资时,中国企业应了解赴美投资的审查程序,优化投资方式和途径的选择,加强与当地民众、政府等方面的联系往来,构建和谐的关系网络,同时要加强对美国市场的了解和把握,提升风险防控能力。

Benefit from rich resources and unique geographical advantages ,the United States has built up a strong system of oil industry earlier than other countries.The warehousing logistics system plays a significant role in the development of oil refining and petrochemical industry in the United States and effectively adjusts the imbalance between oil production areas and oil consumption areas,thus promoting the development of oil trading.The crude oil logistics in the United States mainly consists of pipeline transportation,ocean tanker transportation,barge transportation,railway tanker transportation and tanker truck transportation,among which pipeline transportation and ocean tanker transportation are more important,especially the pipeline transporta- tion.In 2015,the crude oil received by refineries in the United States via pipeline transportation and ocean tanker transportation accounted for 61% and 29% of the total amount received respectively.In recent years, the United States has continually increased its investment in energy infrastructure,and a large portion of the investment is in warehousing logistics facilities.A sound and perfect logistics system will provide a solid sup- port for the WTI price and the crude oil price in North America.This article suggests that Chinese energy companies should seek to develop warehousing logistics business in North America,especially the Gulf of Mexico.When making investment in the United States,Chinese companies should understand the investment re- view procedures ,optimize the selection of investment mode and method ,strengthen the contact with local peo- ple and government,build a harmonious relationship network,strengthen the understanding of the American market and enhance risk prevention and control capabilities.