CAR-T细胞治疗恶性肿瘤的研究现状与展望

Current Status and Future Prospect on CAR-T Cell Therapy for Malignant Tumors

嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)是运用重组DNA技术制备的基因工程抗体,由单链抗体、协同刺激分子及T细胞信号转导分子等部分融合而成。全外显子测序技术是传统的c DNA文库表达血清学方法之外的筛选肿瘤抗原的新方法。近年来,嵌合抗原受体-T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor-T cells,CAR-T细胞)在治疗包括实体瘤在内的一系列恶性肿瘤中取得了较大的成就。临床试验表明,CAR-T细胞在产生强大抗肿瘤效应的同时,也具有不容忽视的毒副反应。该文将讨论嵌合抗原受体-T细胞治疗恶性肿瘤基本原理、关键技术和面临的挑战。

Chimeric antigen receptor（CAR） refers to a class of genetically-engineered antibodies, consisting of single chain fragment variable, co-stimulatory molecules and T cell signal transducing molecule. Whole exome sequencing（WES） is a newly-developed strategy to identify tumor antigens and this approach has advantages over the traditional serological analysis of expression c DNA libraries（SEREX）. Recently, several clinical trials have reported some promising benefits of using the CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of a variety of cancers including solid malignant tumors, although considerable concerns and challenges have been raised. This review aims to summarize the basic concept, critical strategies and current challenges involved in the deployment of CAR-T cell therapy for malignant tumors.