中国九个地区成年居民膳食与血清总胆固醇水平的关系

Association between food intake and the serum total cholesterol level among adults in 9 regions of China

目的探讨膳食与血清总胆固醇（TC）水平的关系。方法研究资料来源于2009年进行的第8轮＂中国健康与营养调查＂，以表观健康的20～70岁辽宁、黑龙江、山东、江苏、河南、湖南、湖北、贵州省和广西壮族自治区居民作为研究对象，分析膳食与血清TC水平的关系。结果（1）线性趋势检验显示，在20～45、46～70岁男性和女性人群中，年龄、体重指数、腰围、收缩压和舒张压均与血清TC水平呈正相关趋势（P均〈0.01）；在20～45、46～70岁男性和46～70岁女性人群中，体力活动水平与血清TC水平均呈负相关趋势（P均〈0.01）。（2）多元线性回归分析显示，畜肉摄入量与不同人群的血清TC水平均呈正相关（20～45岁男性，β＝0.133，P〈0.001；46～70岁男性，β＝0.102，P＝0.001；20～45岁女性，β＝0.065，P＝0.041；46～70岁女性，β＝0.059，P＝0.045）；植物油摄入量与20～45岁男性的血清TC水平呈负相关（β＝－0.071，P＝0.021）；饱和脂肪摄入量与46～70岁女性血清TC水平呈正相关（β＝0.084，P＝0.019）；膳食胆固醇摄入量与男性人群的血清TC水平均呈正相关（20～45岁，β＝0.067，P＝0.021；46～70岁，β＝0.070，P＝0.012）与女性人群的血清TC水平无相关性（20～45岁，β＝0.007，P＝0.809；46～70岁，β＝0.038，P＝0.144）；畜肉类胆固醇摄入量与男性人群的血清TC水平呈正相关（20～45岁，β＝0.156，P〈0.001；46～70岁，β＝0.099，P＝0.001），并且与46～70岁女性人群的血清TC水平呈正相关（β＝0.063，P＝0.028）；蛋类胆固醇摄入量与46～70岁男性人群的血清TC水平呈正相关（β＝0.056，P＝0.032）。结论年龄、体重指数、腰围、血压和体力活动水平与血清TC水平有关。畜肉及其胆固醇摄入量是与血清TC水平有关的主要膳食因素，膳食胆固醇摄入后血清TC的升高幅度较小。

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between food intake and the serum total cholesterol（TC） level in adult Chinese population.MethodsThis study included apparent healthy residents aged between 20 and 70 years who participated in the eighth round of China Health and Nutrition Study （CHNS） in 9 regions of China including Liaoning, Helongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2009. The association between the serum TC level and the diet and other related factors were analyzed.Results（1） Linear trend test showed that age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively related with serum TC level in 20-45 and 46-70 years old male and female （all P〈0.01）, while physical activity level was negatively related with serum TC level in 20-45 and 46-70 years old male and 46-70 years old female （all P〈0.01）. （2） Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that livestock meat intake was positively related with serum TC level in following populations： 20-45 years old male, β=0.133, P〈0.001; 46-70 years old male, β=0.102, P=0.001; 20-45 years old male, β=0.065, P=0.041; years old female, β=0.059, P=0.045. Vegetable oil intake was negatively related with serum TC level in 20-45 years old male （β=-0.071, P=0.021）. Saturated fat intake was positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old female （β=0.084, P=0.019）. Total dietary cholesterol intake was positively related with serum TC level in male （20-45 years old, β=0.067, P=0.021; 46-70 years old, β=0.070, P=0.012）, but not in female （20-45 years old, β=0.007, P=0.809; 46-70 years old, β=0.038, P=0.144）. Cholesterol intake from livestock meat was positively related with serum TC level in male （20-45 years old, β=0.156, P〈0.001; 46-70 years old, β=0.099, P=0.001）, and positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old female （β=0.063, P=0.028）. Cholesterol intake from egg was positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old male （β=0.056, P=0.032）.ConclusionsAge, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood pressure, and physical activity level are related with serum TC level. Cholesterol intake from livestock meat was the main food source that related with serum TC level, and the serum TC increases at a relatively small level after intake of total dietary cholesterol.