户籍转变与身份融合:来自CFPS的证据

Change of Household Registration and Identity Fusion:Empirical Research based on CFPS

城市化快速发展时期,户籍制度引发的各种社会经济发展问题的讨论很多,以户籍制度为背景探讨农转非居民身份融合是法学、社会学和经济学研究的交叉点,构成社会经济学研究的重要内容。本文以2010年"中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)"家户微观数据为基础,研究农转非居民的户籍转变与身份融合问题。研究发现,农转非城镇居民和原住城镇居民相比较,其收入水平和受教育程度都相对较低、工作单位更不稳定、社会保障程度更低,存在显著的身份差异,而教育和家庭背景是影响身份差异的两个重要变量。进一步的研究发现,控制住教育、健康、社会背景、社会网络等因素的影响之后,随着年龄增长,身份差异逐渐缩小,这表明,城市化并不是简单的户籍转变,"农民"向"市民"的身份过渡是一个长期而渐近的社会融合过程,城市化过程绝对不能是配套措施缺失前提下的"土地换户籍"短期行为。本文的研究结论对于推动健康合理的城市化进程、实现包容发展和促进和谐社会建设,具有一定的理论研究价值和决策参考意义。

This paper study to what extent can rural-to-urban residents involve into city life after they changed their household registration based on data from CFPS of 2010. We find that, compared with the indigenous urban residents, rural-to-urban city residents suffer from social discrimination with lower income, lower education level, relatively more unstable occupation, and weaker social security. Further study finds that education level and family background are two main factors that account for this discrimination. What＇s more, this identity discrimination declines with age when controlled factors like education level, health situation, social background, social network. These findings suggest that urbanization is not just a transformation of household registration but a long and gradual process of social involving.