大气降水与济南泉水动态变化的定量关系研究

The study of quantitative relationship between the spring water and the dynamic change of the atmospheric precipitation in Ji'nan

济南保泉历经40多年历史,历年枯水期泉水一直受到断流威胁。针对济南泉水动态变化现状,采用相关分析法,研究不同时间尺度下大气降水与泉水动态的关系。研究表明:济南泉域岩溶地下水的主要的补给来源是大气降水,泉水位高低主要受降雨大小的影响;大气降水对泉水位的影响具有滞后性特点;不同时间尺度下累计降水量回归分析得出兴隆雨量站、燕子山雨量站对泉水位影响滞后时间较短;在现状开采条件下,当旬降雨量累计值大于17.58 mm时对泉水位回升有积极的影响。综合济南泉域岩溶水流向、各雨量站距泉的距离、降雨对泉水位影响的滞后时间、各雨量站降水大小与泉水位变幅的关系程度等方面,得出兴隆雨量站所在区域降雨对泉水位的影响较大,是适宜的保泉补源地,能达到科学补源保泉的目的。

The protection of Ji＇nan spring has history more than 40 years,and the spring during dry season over the years has been threatened by cutoff. According to current situation of dynamic change,this paper studies by the correlation analysis method that the relationship between precipitation and spring water in different time scales. Research shows that： The main recharge sources of karst groundwater in Ji＇nan spring is precipitation,and the water level of the spring is mainly affected by rainfall. The influence of precipitation on the water level of the spring has the characteristic of hysteresis. The regression analysis of the cumulative precipitation in different time scales shows that the lag time of the Xinglong rainfall station and the Yanzishan rainfall station affect on the water level of the spring is short. Under the condition of the current exploitation,it has a positive effect on the recovery of spring water level when the cumulative value of natural precipitation is more than 17. 58 mm. The study that the flow direction of the karst water in the spring of Ji＇nan,the distance between the spring and each rainfall station,the lag time of the rainfall affect on the spring water level,the relationship between the precipitation and the change of water level of the springs shows that,it is in the region of the Xinglong rainfall station that the influence of precipitation on the water level of the spring is great. Therefore,the Xinglong rainfall station is a suitable recharge place for spring protection and can achieve the purpose of scientific compensation for spring protection.