“酒”字网络的文化阐释

The Cultural Interpretation of the Ideographic Networks of “Wine”

为追溯"酒"的造字渊源并进行文化阐释,对125个"酉"旁字和127个"酒"词进行统计分析,探索了三个研究问题:一是"酒"字的演化历程;二是"酒"字的语义范畴,三是"酒"字中所体现的情感倾向。发现"酒"字在形成过程中经历了两方面的变化:一是语义上由象形会意到语法抽象的意义虚化过程,二是功能上由独立表意到造字(词)部件的语法化过程。该过程中,"酒"字衍生出丰富的语义范畴,不仅能以丰富、多样的语言资源来抒发酒文化相关意象,也拓展到相关的文化、礼仪等方面,形成了庞大的"酒"字网络。该"酒"字网络凸显了中华儿女对酒的深刻情感,"酒豪"、"酒仙翁"等词将中华酒文化中的豪气刻画得淋漓尽致;另一方面,"酒"字网络中也包含了诸如"酒祸"这样时刻提醒过度饮酒的不好之处,所以"饮酒虽好,切莫贪杯"。上述"酒"字网络分析,深刻体现了"酒"字的文化模因作用,自发地书写了一部中华酒文化的民族志,将数千年的酒文化提炼、沉淀为以"酉"旁字、"酒"单字、"酒"词等构成的文字网络。酒文字研究可以更好地传承保护悠久的中华酒文化,并应用到文化宣传及商业领域,必将成为文化显学。

With the purpose of tracing and interpreting the ideographic origin of ＂wine＂ in Chinese, 125 characters with the component of ＂ 酉 ＂ and 127 lexes with the character ＂ 酒 ＂ are statistically analyzed to explore the following three research questions： firstly, the morphing process of ＂ 酒 ＂; secondly, the semantic category of ＂酒 ＂; thirdly, the affective propensity in＂酒 ＂. It is found that ＂酒 ＂ undergoes two changes in the formation of character networks： firstly, a semantic blurring from pictographic reference to abstract delexicalization and secondly, a functional grammaticalization from a unit of expression to a component for lexical composition. In this process, ＂酒 ＂ yields a rich scope of semantic categorization, which can not only help express the wine-related imagery through its rich and multitudinal lingual resource, but also extend to other culturally and ritually related aspects with a huge network of ＂酒＂ thus formed. This ideographic network of ＂酒＂ profiles the profound enthusiasm for wine with ＂酒豪＂, ＂酒仙翁＂ fully expounding the grandeur of the Chinese wine culture; however, there are also lexes like ＂酒祸＂ in the network indicating side effect of excess drinking, and as a result, good as the wine is, do not dwell on it. The network analysis of ＂酒 ＂ demonstrates profoundly the memetic function above and spontaneously composes a ethnographic masterpiece of Chinese wine culture. It also extracts and precipitates the wine culture, which enjoys thousands years of history, as an ideographic network with the character component ＂酉 ＂, single character ＂酒 ＂ and lexes composed of ＂酒 ＂.Such character analysis of wine can help protect and transmit the historically profound Chinese wine culture,and, when applied in cultural publicity and commercial domains, will necessarily become a distinguished subject.