《国际刑事法院罗马规约》框架下的被害人及其可以参加的诉讼

Victims and Victim's Participation under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

第二次世界大战后,确立了个人对违反国际人道法的刑事责任。随着人权的发展,国际法开始承认对严重侵犯人权和违反人道法的受害者获得救济的一般权利,特别是参与刑事诉讼和获得赔偿的权利。在国际刑事法院建立之前,一些国家已经允许受害者以不同方式参加刑事诉讼程序。基于两个特设国际刑事法庭的经验,即受害者有其自身的特殊利益和担忧,国际刑事法院承认了被害人在刑事诉讼中的参与权,这对于受害者及其社区和国际刑事司法都具有重要的意义。国际刑事法院中的被害人参与制度具有独特的方面。被害人的定义更为广泛。被害人不是诉讼一方。他们可以参加《罗马规约》允许他们参加的诉讼程序,或者允许他们申请参加的诉讼。

It has been established individual criminal responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law after the Second World War. Along with the development of human rights, international law began to recognize the right to remedy in general, and the right to participation in criminal proceedings and compensation in particular, of the victims suffering from serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law. Some states have been allowing the victims to participate in different stages of criminal proceedings in various manners prior to the establishment of the International Criminal Court. Based on the experience of the two ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals that victims have special interests and concerns of their own, the International Criminal Court acknowledged the victim＇s right to participation in the criminal proceedings, which has significance to victims, their community and international criminal justice. The victim＇s participation system in the International Criminal Court has unique aspects. The definition of the victim is broader. Victims are not a party. They can participate in the proceedings that the Rome Statute allowed them to do so or allowed them to apply for the participation.